Building system of interconnected block elements

ABSTRACT

An open skeleton-frame building system comprising a plurality of interconnected block elements. Each block element includes six sides, eight corners, and a rectangular base. Four column base plates are placed within four interior angles of the rectangular base. Four upstanding columns are placed on top of each of the four column base plates and serve as lateral supports for side walls. A lower load-bearing beam rings the perimeter of the rectangular base, interconnecting bottoms of the four upstanding columns, and serves as a bottom support for side walls. A lower outwardly projecting beam is attached to the outside edge of the lower load-bearing beam and serves as a bottom retainer for either an outer building wall or an interior fire wall with a block element interconnected at a lateral side. A lower inwardly projecting beam is attached to the inside edge of the lower load-bearing beam at the same height as the lower outwardly projecting beam and serves as a support for one of a floor and a ceiling/floor combination with a block element interconnected at a bottom side. An upper load-bearing beam is positioned above the lower load-bearing beam at a height of the side wall therebetween, interconnecting tops of the four upstanding columns, and serves as a top support for side walls. An upper outwardly projecting beam is attached flush with the top of the outside edge of the upper load-bearing beam and serves as a top retainer for either the outer building wall or the interior fire wall with the block element interconnected at the lateral side. An upwardly projecting beam is attached flush with the bottom of the inside edge of the upper load-bearing beam, is spaced a short distance vertically from the upper outwardly projecting beam, and serves as a support for either a ceiling/roof or a ceiling/floor combination with the block element interconnected at the top side. Four column cap plates are placed on top of the four upstanding columns.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

By means of the invention the most extensive, respectively true,system-building is achievable for the first time. The invention is basedupon the idea of dividing finished buildings, all ready for occupation,turned over for their use and safe--erected according to traditionalsolid construction--into various cubes or disks of the same size, intolong building blocks or disks and to shift this back to industrialprefabrication and to furnish them beyond structural and technicalextension work to such an extent that even installations and centralfacilities for technical installations are provided with objects andeven built-in furniture to the extent of lamps and curtains as well aswith flat roof construction etc.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Buildings of every description consist of different structural membersintended for their respective purpose which ordinarily require a certaingross volume of the total structure.

In the case of the most simple buildings and structural members in eachcase with single foundations without basements, it might be a matter ofthe following in this connection:

Excavations in the ground and above level of the building site with orwithout insulation, pergolas, arcades, terraces (roofed over), motor-carparking-places, open--nothing but roofed over--with or withoutexcavations for erection, design of foundation for construction ofstructural steel works, arcades, green-houses, agricultural buildingsand common storehouses etc.--dismountable and remountable buildings aslisted.

In the case of simple buidlings it might be a matter of the following:

Detached summer- and appliance houses, station-houses, small buildingsand appliance for public and non-public supply systems with and withoutexcavations, sale-pavilions, tank rooms of every description, singlegarages in a row or stacked, multi-story car parks, smaller industrial-or administration buildings and halls, private swimming-pools andone-family- or apartment houses without special demands, public housingprojects, elementary schools, market-halls, dormitories and homes forthe aged and other homes for purpose of asylum or reform, buildings fitfor handicapped persons, shopping centers, gas station facilities withroofed over driveways, etc.--dismountable and remountable buildings aslisted.

In the case of buildings with space requirements in excess of averageand structural- and technical extension work such as: Underground carparks, one-family- and apartment houses with high demands, extensive andhuge housing construction projects as private enterprise, multistorybuildings for residential and administration use, regular schoolconstruction, general public administration buildings, healthfacilities, meeting halls for the citizenry, penal institutions,kitchens of medium size, supermarkets, public market facilities,medium-sized hotels, town halls, exhibition halls, etc.--alsodismountable and remountable buildings as listed.

Buildings with the highest demands on all trades, including complete airconditioning, are the following:

Hospital buildings, all structures--also multi-story buildings forindustrial instruction and research, college- and university buildings,museums and galleries, public swimming-pools, large kitchens, departmentstores, large hotel facilities, etc.-- these buildings as listed also indismountable and remountable construction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Purpose, Problem and Execution of Work

In order to be able to erect buildings of great variety and with theutmost freedom of architectural designing and for the purpose of meetingrequirements for the building and structural members which might beencountered, 10 basic ELEMENTS have been developed according to theinvention, which can be completed with any special ELEMENT.

The 10 basic elements and the ideas they are based upon will beillustrated by means of the drawings included which also show theirpossible operations.

The following aspects have been decisive in the course of determinationof dimensions and selection of materials for the elements:

(a) Length and width, however especially height shall be such thatelements can be moved without development of special transport vehicles.

Width of the road as usually established, height of land lines and otherhindrances in the public traffic had to be taken into consideration.

Special permits and escorts (driving in convoy) will be necessary,nevertheless, according to the respective traffic regulations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows that elements (1) to (5) and (6) to (10) can be stacked ontop of each other.

FIG. 2 shows the stackability of the elements (1) to (10).

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the elements (1) to (10) among oneanother lengthwise and widthwise.

FIG. 4 shows the basic element (2) in longitudinal section taken alongline 4--4 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 shows the basic element (2) in horizontal section taken alongline 5--5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows the basic element (7) in one end view of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 shows the basic element (7) in the other end view of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 shows the basic elements (1) and (4) in longitudinal frontsection taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 shows the basic elements (1) and (4) in horizontal section.

FIG. 10 shows the basic elements (6) and (9) in an end view.

FIG. 11 shows the basic elements (6) and (9) in cross-section.

FIG. 12 shows the basic element (3) in longitudinal section taken alongline 12--12 of FIG. 13.

FIG. 13 shows the basic element (3) in horizontal section taken alongline 13--13 of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 shows the basic element (8) in an end view.

FIG. 15 shows the basic element (8) in cross-section.

FIG. 16 shows the basic element (5) in longitudinal section taken alongline 16--16 of FIG. 17.

FIG. 17 shows the basic element (5) in horizontal section taken alongline 17--17 of FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 shows the basic element (10) in an end view.

FIG. 19 shows the basic element (10) in cross-section.

FIG. 20 shows staircase elements (1') to (5') for connection of basicelements (1) to (5) with basic elements (6) to (10).

FIG. 21 shows various staircase and elevator elements.

FIG. 22 shows the use of basic elements in a rectangular model house.

FIG. 23 shows the use of basic elements in a ground floor plan of amodel house on an unfavorably cut shape of up to 45 degrees using basicelements (2) and (7).

FIG. 24 shows a possible basement or superstructure subsystem for theground floor plan shown in FIG. 23, using basic elements (2) and (7) inthe basement and basic elements (2), (5) and (7) in the superstructure.

FIG. 25 shows an example of a rectangular model home having a groundfloor with a spacious three room apartment.

FIG. 26 shows a complete basement for the rectangular model home shownin FIG. 25.

FIGS. 27, 27a, 27b, and 27c show four views of a house without abasement but with circular stairs and a 45° gable roof.

FIGS. 28, 28a, and 28c show three views of an L-shaped model home usingfull story elements (2) and (7).

FIG. 29 shows a longitudinal section of a roof and floor slab forelements (2) and (3). FIG. 29.1 shows horizontal sections of coverplates for elements (2) and (3).

FIG. 29.2 shows two horizontal sections of roof- and floor slab layersof elements (7) and (8).

FIG. 29.3 shows a longitudinal section of a roof/floor slab for elements(2), (3), (7) and (8) and a cross-section of a roof/floor slab forelements (7) and (8).

FIG. 30 shows roof/floor slabs for elements (1), (4) and (5) inlongitudinal section.

FIG. 30.1 shows a horizontal section of roof/floor slabs for elements(1), (4) and (5).

FIG. 30.2 shows two horizontal sections of roof/floor slabs for elements(6), (9) and (10).

FIG. 30.3 shows a longitudinal section of a roof/floor slab for elements(1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) and a cross-section of plates forelements (6), (9) and (10).

FIG. 31 shows possible roof/floor slab layers in vertical section withindiscriminate arrangement of basic elements (1) to (10), one beneaththe other.

FIG. 32 shows possibilities for the construction of exterior walls usingconcrete slabs.

FIG. 33 shows a perspective view with sections of basic elements (2),(3), (7) and (8).

FIG. 34 shows the largest openings possible in the outer walls of basicelements (2) and (7).

FIG. 35 shows the vertical section of some examples from the number ofpossible constructions of openings in outer walls.

FIG. 36 shows a few examples of interior walls, solidly joined togetherwith concrete slabs.

FIG. 37 shows interior walls in vertical-section at various heights.

FIG. 38 shows steel connecting angles for fastening of outer walls incontinuous anchor rails.

FIGS. 39 and 39a show two views of the formation and erection of firewalls.

FIG. 40 shows the mounting of interior walls.

FIG. 41 shows horizontal sections of outer and interior walls with theirwall connections extending from element to element across elementjoints.

FIG. 42 shows possible formations of cap and base plates.

FIG. 43 shows possible anchor connections in both the vertical and thehorizontal plane.

FIG. 44 shows transverse stay connections in the vertical plane andanchor connections in the horizontal plane.

FIG. 45 shows a ceiling structure with a vertical section of suspendedceiling for construction with basic elements of the invention.

FIG. 46 shows the vertical section of elevated floor structures,especially designed for construction with basic elements (2) and (7).

FIG. 47 shows horizontal sections of suspension arrangements.

FIG. 48 shows an arrangement of elevated floor piles.

FIG. 49 shows detailed sections of the ceiling suspension constructions,especially designed for use with elements of the invention, includinganchors.

FIG. 50 shows vertical sections and one partial view of an elevatedfloor construction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Of the 10 elements designed, the elements (1) to (5) have a rectangularbase and the elements (6) to (10) have a square base of suchmeasurements that, with due regard to the central joint, two elements(6) will fit into the element (1) in each case, two elements (7) intothe element (2) in each case, two elements (8) into element (3) in eachcase, two elements (9) into the element (4), and two elements (10) intothe element (5).

FIG. 1 shows that elements (1) to (5) can be stacked one on top of theother. This also applies for elements (6) to (10).

FIG. 2 shows that in consideration of static requirements which causechanges only in the interior of the elements in the area of columns andsupporting beams, stackability of the elements (1) to (10) andconsequently the height of the buildings (also if formed into terraces)constructed with these elements is only limited by operational featuresof transport equipment with respect to the vertical line (cranesystems).

FIG. 2 shows that not only can elements with square bases, e.g. elements(6) underneath element (1) or elements (7) underneath element (2) bearranged in the lower stories, but the same is the case e.g. for twoelements (8) underneath one element (2) or (3) or (4).

In coordination with the statics for the building to be constructed ineach case according to soil condition, it is possible to install singlefoundations as the foundation as shown in FIG. 2 under (11) and (12) orin situ-concrete constructions e.g. foundation sole plates as shown inFIG. 20 might be required.

The modular height grid (A) results from the lowest elements (1), (6),(4) and (9) or (b:4), whose measure of altitude overall (b) is themeasure of altitude of elements (2) and (7) overall. Elements (3) and(8) have an overall height of (b:2). Elements (5) and (10) are the onlyones to have the special height of (c) overall. The most essentialcriterion for all measures of altitude even in the case of greatestvariation in stacking of elements is that they can be passed throughwith an unchanged ratio of rise (z). This is shown in FIG. 20 and FIG.31. Details with descriptions of each single element follow.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 show the length (a) and the width (a:2-v) for the baseof elements (1) to (5) and for length and width of elements (6) to (10)a measure (a:20v). FIG. 3 shows that the arrangement of elements (1) to(10) among one another is unlimited and therefore all conceivablebuilding outlines are possible within the limits of a modular lengthgrid (B)=(a:2-v) and a modular width grid (C)=(a:2-v).

(b) Since elements are prefabricated in shell with structural extensionwork and complete technical extension work up to 90% and will then betransported and erected at site, the principal aspect for selection ofmaterials shall be to keep the dead load of the shell structure, of theextension materials and all facilities as low as possible.

This applies especially to the full story element (2), which contains anoperative heating installation ready at site if necessary, placed into abasement or a complete central ventilating system, placed as the finalupper story.

In extreme cases of full story-elements completed and furnishedaccording to function, a total dead weight of up to 20 tons is expected,however.

On the other hand, an element for an underground car park (basic element(2)) might definitely have a 0.50 m column cross section if required bystatics and 0.50 m width of the floor beam and might be constructed withreinforced concrete, e.g. B 350.

A basic element (2), however, which only contains one fully completedpart of a room for continuous residence of persons might also havecolumn cross sections of just 0.25/0.25 m and floor beam width of 0.25 maccording to statics and constructed with a prestressed light concretedesign.

Selection of materials will therefore always conform to the intendedpurpose of the room elements as shown in the overall planning of thebuilding project.

With regard to the three-dimensional elements (1) to (10), lines steel-,reinforced concrete-, prestressed reinforced concrete-, reinforced lightconcrete-, as well as prestressed concrete designs can be considered forthe supporting beam- and column designs in all six levels.

For the design of bare ceilings and roofs with heavy loads the abovelisted materials can be used. Apart from these materials, only lightconcrete sheets for the roof and the ceiling will be installed. Thethickness of the ceiling construction shall not exceed 0.20 m.

Main walls are basically not required in the context of theindustrialized building system applied for. Also outer walls, partitionwalls between buildings, fire walls and all other interior partitionwalls can be manufactured with light building materials, solid ormultishell up to 0.30 m thickness as approved.

ELEMENTS (1) to (10) in Detail

Elements (1) to (5) and (6) to (10) are not only overall with respect totheir outline as shown so far, but also identical in construction oftheir essential structural features.

The basic element (2) is shown in FIG. 4, longitudinal section, FIG. 5horizontal section.

It consists of 4 square columns (17) with a cross-section (e/e), abearing upper ring beam (15) with cross-section (e/1 and 0), a bearinglower ring beam (19) with cross-section (e/1 and m), a top projectingring beam (14) at exterior perimeter with cross-section (d/1), a lowerprojecting ring beam (20) at interior perimeter with cross-section(d/1), an upper floor ring beam (16) at interior perimeter withcross-section (1/h), a lower floor ring beam (18) at interior perimeterwith cross-section (1/h), four cap plates (13) on the columns and atcross-section of the columns with height (v), four floor structures (21)underneath the columns and with height (v) at cross-section of thecolumns, and four continuous anchor rail rings (94) (set into all innersides of the columns, in each case in center, into all bottom sides ofthe upper bearing ring beam and into all top sides of lower bearing ringbeam).

The overall measurements:

(a) for length, (a:2-v) for widths and (b) for height have already beenexplained. (n) indicates the clear height for the columns of the fullstory.

It has been determined that, in case of use of element (2), e.g. athousing construction with due regard to specified height of the livingrooms, usage of suspended ceilings and elevated floors (each continuousat the same level) with the advantages for installation will result fromthis construction.

The basic element (2) can still be used as a full story on the basis ofthe choice of (n), even if the height of the rooms for offices or placeof work is required to be different.

Because of the choice of clear space between columns (f) in thelongitudinal direction, the basic element (2) will be of perfect useeven for large assembly halls, in the course of which (f) becomes thewidth of the room and the required length of the rooms can be achievedby means of joining of the basic elements (2). In this case spaciousinstallations must be sacrificed in this element or completion by meansof raising the building with one of the basic elements (3) or (4) willbe necessary.

The basic element (2), with concrete floor inlaid at the bottom andcement--or industrial cast plaster floor on top and also covering thelower bearing beam (from one element to the next), might then also befully utilized for construction of industrial facilities, undergroundcar parks, etc.

E.g. in the case of small buildings two basic elements (2) with requiredexterior wall portions and complete flat roof design erected next toeach other will form a 2-car-garage. One element by itself will form agarage with storage room with its four walls and a complete flat roof aswell as a built-in gate between clear width of the columns (g).

The above examples make clear that the basic element (2) is the mostimportant element for full stories with regard to space and for thepurpose of constructing buildings that have been listed as examples forapplication above.

There is shown in FIG. 20 the longitudinal section of the specialstaircase element for full stories (2') and for completion of the basicelement (2). It is of the same construction as basic element (2) whenused for one-family or two-family houses and has an additionaldog-legged stair with twelve steps twice (ratio of rise (z)), two stairheads and one supporting beam for the stair head in the width betweenthe columns. These prefabricated parts will be installed at the plant inthe course of the construction of the framework of the basic element(2).

There is shown in FIG. 21 the plan of special stair case element (2') indead center. This staircase element has wider flights because ofelimination of the upper and lower supporting beams for roof and ceilingand these are fixed-in into cross walls between the columns inlongitudinal direction and therefore the element can be used in regulardomestic buildings.

Stair heads and other structural parts as specified for the full storyelements (2) and (2').

There is also shown in FIG. 21 in center left two special staircaseelements (2'.2). In this case only one flight has been attached to thecross wall between the columns for the purpose of achieving even widerflights per element. As result of mirror-inverted coordination andclosing of the stair heads from one element to the next, a staircasewill be formed, which can be incorporated into buildings with a largenumber of visitors.

Likewise, there is shown in FIG. 21 in center right two specialstaircase elements (2'.1). The special features of these are that theyonly have straight stairs with one flight, whose flights take the totalclear width between two columns lining the width are are clamped betweentwo cross walls in longitudinal direction. Two of these elements side byside and with or without connection of stair heads, form staircases forthe heaviest traffic by the public.

FIG. 21 also shows at upper left the special elevator element (2.1) fora lift with large cabins, which takes the total clear between the fourcolumns with respect to length and width.

There is also shown in FIG. 21 at lower right the basic element (2.2)with a partition wall of the same width as the element and an elevatorshaft accordingly smaller.

At lower right of FIG. 21 the basic element (2'.3) is represented with astaircase for residential buildings with wheeling steps of 180 degrees.This staircase facility is set into three cross walls on the outside.

There is shown in FIG. 21 at upper right a staircase element (2'.4) witha partition wall across the width of the element and with overhangingcircular stairs, also round on the outside.

FIG. 21 at upper center shows the basic element (2'.5) with a partitionwall of the same width as the element and circular stairs which aresquare on the outside.

At upper right of FIG. 21 the basic element (2.3) is represented withpossible partition into rooms by means of small cross walls (three).

There is shown in FIG. 21 at lower left the special elevator element(7.1) for a lift with small cabins, which takes the total clear betweenthe four columns with respect to length and width.

FIG. 21 represents at the utmost lower left the staircase element (7'.1)with circular stairs, also circular on the outside.

At lower dead center, FIG. 21 shows the staircase element (7'.2) withcircular stairs of square outline.

FIGS. 6 and 7 also show cross-sections of the basic element (7) at bothends.

But FIGS. 6 and 7 also show that all elements (1) to (10) are installedand erected with (2·v) space of open joints one underneath the other.

FIG. 8 shows the basic elements (1) and (4) for foundations inlongitudinal section, FIG. 9 shows the horizontal section of elements(1) and (4) and FIGS. 10 and 11 the cross-sections of elements (6) and(9).

These elements have the following identical structural parts as thebasic element (2);

Cap- and foot plates (13) and (21) and the lower exterior projectingbeam (20) at the perimeter.

They are different with respect to the following features:

The four columns of identical profile and position (22) only have aheight of (b:4) ./. (2·v); above the projecting beam the columns spancontinuous cross walls at all four sides--longitudinal walls includingbreaks of the wall in longitudinal direction (27) and cross walls (30)in dead center of the cross-section (thickness of walls chosen is (u));for the solid cross walls a recess for installations will be provided,closed with light building materials for breaking through according torequirements of various size (23), (26) and (29); upper supporting beamsfor roof and ceiling are engaged between the columns and the wall disks(25) and (32); lower supporting beams for roof and ceiling as specifiedabove (24) and (31).

The overall measurements:

(a) for length, (a:2-v) for width and (b) for height have already beenexplained. In FIGS. 10 and 11 the basic elements (6) and (9) are alsoshown, e.g. cross-sections of both ends.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show the basic element (3) and FIGS. 14 and 15 show thebasic element (8).

Here, FIG. 12 shows the basic element (3) in longitudinal section, FIG.13 shows the horizontal section of the element (3).

FIGS. 14 and 15 show element (8) in longitudinal- cross-section.

The basic element (3) has the same structural parts (13) to (21), withthe exception of (17), as basic element (2).

The same applies for element (8) as compared to basic element (7).

The only difference between elements (3) and (8) is that the columns(17) are exchanged for the columns (33) with a lesser height (r).

The basic elements (3) and (8) are structural members which willgenerally be used in case high additional requirements with respect tospace and technology exist above basic elements (2) and (7). But theywill also be required in case that high additional foundation spacerequirements beneath elements (2) or (7) call for it.

FIGS. 16 to 19 show the basic elements (5) and (10). The basic element(5) is here shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 16, in horizontalsection in FIG. 17, and in FIGS. 18 and 19 element (10) is shown incross-sections of both ends.

With respect to basic elements (5) and (10) there is total identity ofconstruction with basic elements (1) and (4) except for the fact thatthe four columns (34) are lower and the upper supporting beams for theroof are missing.

The elements (5) and (10) also differ from elements (1), (4), (6) and(9) because of lower continuous cross walls (41) and because ofinstallation recesses as in elements (1), (4), (6) and (9), however ofdifferent sizes (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43).

The basic elements (5) and (10) shall always be used when protectors forfascias, balconies and terraces have to be constructed or in case thatabove or below elements which have already been described smalladditional space for installations is required in an area of thefoundation of technical installations. The fascia is a horizontal boardcovering the joint between the top of a wall and projecting eaves.

FIG. 20 shows not only elements (2') described above but also thestaircase-element (1') for completion of basic element (1), with a stairhead and a short single flight, for completion of element (3) it showsthe additional staircase element (3') with stair head and a longstraight flight (length of flight same as the length of flight instaircase element (2'), and for completion of basic element (5) it showsthe staircase element (5') without stair head and a very fhort flight(e.g. for centers on top of a building).

FIG. 22 shows use of basic elements in the case of a rectangular modelhouse. Here, the basic elements (7) are shown in dead center asvestibule, entrance hall, sauna rooms, pantry, kitchen, dining-bar withconnecting stairs and circular stairs element with respective share ofouter- and interior walls, technical installations and objects andbuilt-in furniture.

On the right from top to bottom, the basic elements (2) are shown for alarge bedroom a large bathroom (lowered), for a sports room with saunarooms on both sides, for a guest-room (two persons), for a largedining-room for living-room space with winter garden and for a furtherliving-room area--in each case with respective portion of outside--andinterior walls, technical installations and objects, things built-in andmovable furniture--also in complete outfit in which elements can leavethe plant.

On the far left from top to bottom the basic elements (2) are shown withall structural-, technical and other installations for an office roomwith vestibule, each with two office rooms with a portion of corridor,domestic economy rooms with corridor, playroom with corridor area, largewinter garden with connecting stairs and a large room with fireplace.

In this example, it is demonstrated that the overall base of elements(2) and (7) meets space requirements in residential- and officebuildings specially well.

FIG. 23 shows that in case of use of full story elements (2) and (7) itis possible to cover even properties with an unfavorable cut and makingoptimal use of it--in this case with premise boundaries with a slope ofup to 45 degrees.

FIG. 23 also shows further examples for application of full storyelements (2) and (7) in domestic architecture, i.e. an example forapplication as a model home with graded outline of the ground floorplan.

The full story element (2) is here shown as used for a garage with roomfor tools and connecting stairs, a dog-legged stair with 180 degreeshelix and portion of pantry, dining-room with winter garden, eating-barand portion of bathroom with shower and bidet--with toilet and anteroomand connecting stairs, wardrobe and ladies' room and swimming-pool whichis lowered to upper surface of terrace.

FIG. 23 also shows further full story elements (7) used as:

Vestibule- and hallway element, element for portion of living-room withstorage cabinet and staircase element with winding stairs of minimumdiameter.

FIG. 24 shows a possible basement subsystem with respect to the groundfloor plan shown in FIG. 23, using basic elements (2) and (7).

Basic element (2) is here shown in its use as:

Storage room for solid combustibles, furnace room with fire-place andportion of hallway, workroom with portion of hallway and tank room.

Basic element (7) is shown as:

House service connection room and basement housing space.

FIG. 24 also shows a possible subsequent superstructure for the groundfloor shown in FIG. 23. Here, the basic element (5) is shown in its useas a balcony on top of the garage with connecting stairs and as aterrace on top of the roof.

FIG. 24 shows further possible superstructure on top of the first floordescribed above.

FIG. 24 also shows a further possible raise on top of the second floor,displaying a full story element (7) and a full story element (2) in useas terraces for drying of laundry and sunbathing.

Altogether, a building E+3 can be erected in intervals without costs forremodeling.

FIG. 25 shows an example of a rectangular model home that only threefull-story elements (2) are sufficient for accommodation of a one-familyhouse having a ground floor with a spacious three-room-apartment.

FIG. 26 shows that three additional full story elements (2) aresufficient for a complete basement of the rectangular model home shownin FIG. 25 in order to have space for the following rooms: furnacerooms, room with oil tank, room for solid combustibles, hobby room andhouse service connection room.

Required day shafts are already connected with elements on site.Exterior basement stairs might be delivered as single elements, or inwhole or in parts, also connected with the full story elements at thesite.

FIG. 27 shows a further example for application of a full-story element(2) as a one-family house with rectangular base but without basement.

FIG. 27 shows sections of the one-family house without a basement acrosselement (2) with circular stairs and a 45 degrees gable roof.

FIG. 28 demonstrates, in an example and angular model home, further useof full story elements (2) and (7), whereby all elements of the examplein FIG. 27 are used again with only slight remodeling in some cases.

Thus, use of elements makes it possible to turn a rectangular one-familyhouse without a basement and of medium size with a gable roof into alarge one-family house of angular shape with a complete basement and acorner roof.

FIG. 28 further shows three full story elements (2) in horizontalsection as used for a large swimming pool facility with sauna and engineroom and an element (7) for a terrace in ground floor horizontalsection.

FIG. 29 shows a longitudinal section of a roof and floor slab forelements (2) and (3).

In FIG. 29.1, horizontal sections of cover plates of elements (2) and(3) are shown. Four installation recesses with cross-sections (0.30/0.30m) have been prepared in interior corners of roof construction, e.g. theinterior supporting beams for roof- and cover plates (93). Circularcutouts for winding stairs (50) are indicated for a diameter from theinner edge of one floor beam to the inner edge of another floor beam,respectively, the inner edge of one girder to the inner edge of anothergirder.

FIG. 29.2 shows two horizontal sections of roof- and floor slab layersof elements (7) and (8). These elements also have installation recesses(93) in each of their four corners, prepared with a cross-section of(0.30/0.30 m). Possible circular cutouts (50) in cover plate layers arealso indicated here.

FIG. 29.3 shows a longitudinal section of a roof/floor slab meant forelements (2), (3), (7) and (8) as well as a cross-section of aroof/floor slab for elements (7) and (8).

FIG. 30 represents the roof/floor slabs for elements (1), (4) and (5) inlongitudinal section.

FIG. 30.1 shows a horizontal section of roof/floor slabs of elements(1), (4) and (5).

FIG. 30.2 shows two horizontal sections of roof/floor slabs of elements(6), (9) and (10).

FIG. 30.3 shows a longitudinal section of a roof/floor slab of elements(1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) and a cross-section of plates forelements (6), (9) and (10). Circular cutouts for winding stairs (50) andinstallation recesses (93) with cross-section (0.30/0.30 m) in all fourcorners of the roof-cover plate-constructions are also indicated in theroof/floor slabs for elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9), and (10). Cutoutsand recesses are exactly above or below those of the elements (2), (3),(7) and (8). However, because of different element construction, they donot touch structural parts of the element itself.

FIG. 31 shows possible roof/floor slab layers in graphicalrepresentation (vertical section) with indiscriminate arrangement ofbasic elements (1) to (10), one beneath the other. FIG. 31 demonstrates,especially in case of the staircase in the center, that the basicelements (1) to (10) have the special feature that they can be passedthrough without change of ratio of rise. But it also becomes clear thatcover plates might be located on any level within the height grid withminimum spacing of 0.85 m within a standard grid with 1.05 m in height.On the other hand it is possible just the same to execute even hightowers and shaft facilities merely with a roof slab without anyintermediate layers of cover plates.

FIG. 32 only epitomizes possibilities for the construction of exteriorwalls using concrete slabs with widths of 50 cm or 62.5 cm and alsorepresents some examples for additional arrangement of auxiliary columnsso far as these are required statically.

Special emphasis is on mitred corners of outer walls (80) and (81),since this arrangement is highly advantageous in the course of theinstallation of outer walls made of concrete slabs for the basicelements (2), (3), (7) and (8) and also on various constructions forclosing of the facade between elements, such as outer wall element joint(87) by placing a fitting slab behind from one column to the next, outerwall element joint (88) by placing a fitting slab shaped like atruncated pyramid therebehind, outer wall element joint (89) by placinga fitting slab between two "outer walls", outer wall element joint (91)by placing a T-fitting piece into an exterior corner of moulding andplacing a fitting slab between two "outer walls".

Main outer walls will generally not be found in construction withelements of the present invention.

Auxiliary columns (58), of medium height according to requirements, arefixed on bottom in center; auxiliary columns (59), of three-quarterheight according to requirements, are fixed on bottom in center, andauxiliary columns (60) are fixed on top and bottom according torequirements and statical analysis.

FIG. 33 shows a perspective view with sections of the most importantdetails of the construction of basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8)which have been described so far with outer walls and roof/floor slabs.

FIG. 33 also shows three additional features for construction usingbasic elements:

As a general principle, all projecting ring beams on top or bottom areshaped like a window drip (upper bevel and lower drip nose) in outerthird.

Generally, all outer and interior walls and all roof/floor slabs will becarried on PVC- or rubber bedding in dead center of supporting jointsand on principle with height (v:2).

Especially for support of outer wall loads the basic elements (2), (3),(7) and (8) will have four sets of continuous anchor railrings--profiled according to statical requirements--each in the centerof inner sides of columns and the top- and the bottom side of bearingbeams.

FIG. 34 represents the largest openings possible in an outer wall.

Those openings might always extend in an unfinished state (width andlength) of basic elements (2) and (7) from one support to the next. Eventhe small strip between two columns at a transition from one element tothe next might be used for creation of openings in an outer wall intotal width of space between columns. The clear height depends uponprospective use or upon the degree of extensions at full story elements.However, the total clear height of the interior space might always bethe same as the height of outer wall openings to be constructed.

For construction of facades it is possible to utilize the upper or lowerprojecting ring beam which results from construction of the basicelements (1) to (10) for purpose of accentuation of the horizontal line,as is shown in FIG. 34.

Outer wall joints necessarily exposed will--with restrictions--onlyoccur at joints between elements, and will be spaced according to theoverall length of basic elements (1) to (10).

All multishell outer wall systems known can also be installed into basicelements (2), (3), (7) and (8) in addition to use of concrete outerwalls with exterior plastic lamination.

In the case of the outer wall constructions mentioned so far, it is alsopossible to not use element joints vertically and to arrange themdifferently in other places according to the designer's perception. Itis even possible to not use joints and projecting beams in one level atall by choosing a multishell outer wall system with, e.g. an exteriorlight metal facade shell which will then span across the face of theprojecting beams and thus cover even this structural part of basicelements (1) to (10).

Highly varied alternatives of facade styling for design reasons,however, are possible specially with solid wall connections such as:

a wall slab with a truncated pyramidal cross-section (88) (forming twovertical joints spaced wider than the wall slab itself) and the T-shapedwall connecting part--which is even with the projecting beam at theoutside--in connection with horizontal element joints and projectingbeams.

It must be stated that basic elements (1) to (10) constructed accordingto the invention leave architectural facade styling open to any option.

FIG. 35 shows the vertical section of some examples from the number ofpossible constructions of openings in outer walls.

Besides, top left of FIG. 35 shows a double window- and doorconstruction with offset interior venetian blinds and with the sameheight as space between a suspended ceiling and an elevated floor, i.e.a floor covering on top of a bare floor.

On the upper right side of FIG. 35, a double window-door installation(97) is shown in the center with the same height as above and with asmall window shade casing for a shade moving between the windowconstructions.

On the upper right, it is depicted that it is necessary to lower thesuspended ceiling and, if necessary, the elevated floor in case ofwindow/door openings with a window shade casing.

On the upper right, left of dead center a door/window opening is shownwith a springer (98) at bottom and on upper right a single window/doorconstruction without division with window shade (99) is shown on theoutside.

FIG. 35 also shows on the outside of lower left that the largestpossible window shade casings (103) for door/window height of approx.3.00 m always form an exposed casing even below suspended ceilings.

On the lower left side of FIG. 35, a door/window element can be seen inthe center, with double shell construction and venetian blinds (105).

On the extreme left side of FIG. 35, a single window (104) is shown,extending only from a lintel, a horizontal member spanning and openingand carrying the load thereabove.

FIG. 35, lower right, shows two more possibilities with respect to theheight of door/window constructions in case these extend from asuspended ceiling to an elevated floor or floor construction on top of abare floor.

On the lower right side of FIG. 35, a single door/window element withdivisions for a springer on top and bottom (101) and a casing forindirect lighting (102) at the lintel is shown in the center.

A single window/door combination with only one springer and a windowshade casing (100) installed above is shown on the lower right.

FIG. 36 shows interior walls. Generally, these are not main walls incase of construction with elements of the present invention. Interiorwalls can be erected within full story elements (2) and (7), inthickness commonly used for this purpose and even in thickness likeouter walls and at any place within the overall element base (exceptonly total width of joints between elements).

Out of an immense number of variations possible according to the layout,FIG. 36 shows just a few examples of interior walls, solidly joinedtogether with concrete slabs. Interior walls can generally also befurnished for light portion walls in all known multishell wall systems.

If necessary, special connection parts required for closing of gapsbetween interior walls at joints between elements shall be produced.FIG. 36 shows a concrete slab with a truncated pyramidal cross-section(119) or a rectangular, but joined slab strip (120) for this purpose.

For framed door openings in interior walls of any size it would beappropriate to use only well-known telescopic frame elements (ifnecessary, with slight adjustments to fit).

FIG. 37 shows interior walls in vertical cross-section at variousheights.

The following interior walls are depicted in FIG. 37, upper left toright:

A light partition wall (123) with 15 cm thickness, top terminatingwithin a suspended ceiling, a fire wall/partition (124) betweenapartments or buildings with 20 cm thickness, extending up to the topedge of interior bearing beam, a lower interior partition wall (125)terminating in a suspended ceiling, an interior wall (126) of 15 cmthickness height from top surface to bottom surface of bearing beam, aninterior partition wall (127) with 15 cm thickness extending up to thehigher ceiling of two suspended ceilings at different levels and thethinnest interior partition wall (128) (10 cm thicker) of medium height,terminating at the upper side of a suspended ceiling. Since generallythere will be no interior main walls in case of construction withelements of the present invention, it holds true for interior walls,light partition walls, partition walls between apartments andbuildings--as described above and below--that they might completely beproduced as lightweight construction. FIG. 37 altogether shows onlysolid walls, assembled with concrete slabs.

The lower left to right views of FIG. 37 show sections of additionalinterior walls with respect to height such as:

Thinnest partition wall (129), only 10 cm thick, up to the bottom sideof a running upper interior floor beam, an interior wall (130) 15 cmthick, constructed from a top edge bare floor to a bottom edge bareceiling, an interior wall (131) through an elevated floor but withheight less than the room, the fire or partition wall (132) forapartments or buildings best suited for construction with elements, 20cm thick, having a height from the top edge of lower projecting beam tothe bottom side of top projecting beam (like an outer-wall), a partitionwall (133) only 10 cm thick, terminating at the top side of thesuspended ceiling, and another fire- or partition wall (134) betweenapartments with 20 cm thickness, however, having a height extending onlyfrom lower to an upper bearing beam.

Apart from the only exception where interior walls might have the sameheight as outer walls, all various kinds of interior walls will beerected on the top side of a bearing beam or on top of lower coverplates with joint spacing (v:2), as a matter of principle.

The upper left side of FIG. 38 shows construction and erection detailssuch as joints, anchors, and supports for ceilings and walls.

The right side of FIG. 38 shows the following features:

Outer wall elements made of contrete have threaded bolts connected tothe reinforcement. The front surfaces of the bearing beam receive anadhesive heat insulation. The outer wall will be erected on rubber--orsoft PVC profile (v:2) high, at the exterior of lower projecting ringbeams. The threaded bolts will be anchored by means of steel angleplates and aligned in the anchor rails which are imbedded in the centerof the supports. The resultant joints (v:2) between the outer wall slabsand upper and lower projecting beams as well as upper and lower bearingbeams will be padded with heat insulation material and sealed at outerends for permanent elasticity. Outer wall loads will not burden thelower projecting beams in case of the specific method of constructionwith elements. Ceiling- and cover plates made of heavy- or lightconcrete will also be carried high on interior bearing ring beams on topof rubber- or soft PVC joints (v:2). The resultant running vertical andhorizontal joints will either be filled with plastic material or stuffedwith heat insulation material and completely sealed elastically, ifrequired, and made to last.

Note on Principle

All exposed steel parts used for construction with elements of theinvention will basically be coated in such an manner that rust formationwill be prevented for the long-term.

FIG. 38 represents steel connecting angles whose size and quantity forfastening of outer walls in continuous anchor rails depends on staticalanalysis. This also applies to arrangement of mounting angles. FIG. 38shows on the right the possible method of erection, already describedabove, with respect to outer walls by means of fastening in the lintelarea against the lower side of an upper bearing beam or fastening of theouter wall base area against a top side of a lower bearing beam and onlyone medium-size mounting angle against the support.

FIG. 39 shows the formation and erection of fire walls as anelement-frame and as a ceiling with joints, anchor- and beddingconnections in each case.

FIG. 39 shows a fire wall at left of its left half which closes from thetop side of a lower cover plate up to the bottom side of an upperceiling. For erection of a wall a steel T-profile with a short standingweb will be fastened to the lower cover plate. On the left and on theright of this web, a joint filling agent made of rubber or soft PVC willbe glued on. In order that the fire-wall is held against the bottom ofthe upper ceiling, there is also a steel T-profile attached but with alonger standing web. The concrete slabs for fire walls shown have agroove on top and bottom, the top one deeper than the one on bottom.While erecting the wall, the lower web-, bedding construction will beembedded in cement- or plastic mortar, the wall slab will be lifted withits upper groove up to catch above upper web and will be let down onlower web and bedding profiles. An upper groove and joint at the ceilingwill be closed with pure cement mortar or short-time plastic mortar. Thejoints at top and bottom cover plates, closed in such a manner, willthen finally be jointed at both sides elastically, and made to last.Instead of mortar joints it is possible to close with cement-asbestosfibre material.

FIG. 39 shows at right of its left half, the erection of a fire wall,however, its top is arranged against the front of a bearing ring beam.In this case, the alternative or additional method of fastening by meansof a mounting angle made of steel, against the bottom side of a bearingbeam and towards the surface of the fire wall, presents itself. Thisangle and its steel mounting parts shall be coated with a well-knownfireproof material.

On the right side of FIG. 39, a fire wall is depicted which isequivalent to an outer wall with respect to the height and itsarrangement in connection with the shell of an element frame. This wall,to begin with, can be erected with the same means as described above andcan be mounted as a fire wall, against the front of an upper and lowerbearing beam and towards the projecting beams. However, this wall willbe held and supported by the three steel mounting angles. These anglesmust also be coated--however, in this case including anchor rails--withwell-known fireproof materials.

FIGS. 38 through 41 show generally the formation and mounting ofinterior partition walls of light construction with joints, anchors andbedding.

FIG. 40 depicts in the outer left half view, the mounting of interiorwalls--e.g. made of solid concrete--with the top against part of theshell of elements of the invention. These walls will be embedded in ashaped joint tape, (v:2) high, between two continuous steel angle railson top of the bare floor. The top of these walls will be held by meansof channel steels laid over it and mounted against solid outer wallslabs by means of steel angle plates.

On the right of the left half side of FIG. 40 a two-shell lightconstruction partition wall is shown, which also does not extend inheight up to solid parts of the shell frame, and thus will be mountedwith all parts as described above.

FIG. 40 shows in its right half interior walls with their mounting partsin case, where the top of these walls connects to shell parts (elementframe or cover plates). In this manner, e.g., a wall made of concreteslabs, which is flush with the front of the shell part and which willonly be held by means of a flat steel strip and a continuous steelangle, will be mounted on the other side.

Extreme right side view of FIG. 40 also shows the mounting of two-shelllight construction partition walls against a solid cover, also on top.

FIG. 41 shows horizontal sections of outer- and interior walls withtheir wall connections extending from element to element across elementjoints and at the very bottom the position of vertical outer wall jointsin front of a facade.

At the very top of FIG. 41 the connection of solid concrete interiorwalls of 15 cm thickness, by means of wall slabs shaped like a truncatedpyramid, is shown. Below, FIG. 41 shows the same connection, however,with a concrete interior wall only 10 cm thick.

Below, FIG. 41 depicts a wall connection in the case of a two-shelllight construction wall, 10 cm thick, by means of planking on both sidesagainst an H-shaped post profile. Again below the same wall connectionis shown, however, with a light two-shell partition wall of 15 cmthickness.

In its lower half, FIG. 41 shows wall slabs, formed like a truncatedpyramid, for closing of elements at the front of the facade and belowthat, it shows in projection, how selection of connection slabs ofvarious width influences the position of vertical facade joints. Asalready described in the case of outer walls in FIG. 38, threaded boltsalso project from the outer walls slabs, shaped like a truncatedpyramid. Prior to mounting, these connection slabs for the elements willbe provided with heat insulation strips on their small angular front andin front of this, as well as behind, they will receive joints runningall-round, permanently elastic. For the purpose of fastening in theouter wall, channel steel straps made of rectangular tubes and withround openings are fastened in the vertical anchor rails of the columns,between two supports from one element to the next. The threaded bolts ofthe wall slab with a shape like a truncated pyramid will be pushedthrough these openings. By means of tightening of the nuts, these wallslabs will be squeezed in, flush on the outside, between the outer wallends of two elements.

FIG. 42, left half, shows possible formation `A` of cap- and base platesand possible cap- and base plate formation `B` on the right.

The formation of cap plates shown, developed according to the invention,will primarily be used for vertical transport of basic elements (2),(3), (7) and (8) (as represented) and for transport of elements (1),(4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) in smaller construction.

Formation of base plate has been invented in size as shown, in order toguarantee that basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8)--completed up to 90%with respect to construction and technical details--as well as otherinstallations--can be set down as soft as possible after verticaltransport during completion on site, as well as in the process ofstacking basic elements one upon the other during mounting on site.

In order to avoid hard touch down of basic elements (1), (4) (5), (6),(9) and (10), there will also be formation of a base place according to`A` or `B` for these elements, however, it will be applied in a smallerand weaker form.

`A` formation of the base plate consists of a solid steel plate withthickness (v) and a base according to the cross-section of respectiveelement columns. The cap plate is pierced in the center and has an upperround opening at a height of (v:2) and a lower round opening, which isof small diameter but also at height (v:2). Underneath the solid steelplate a steel tube with interior thread is attached. This tube has thesame inside diameter as the lower, smaller circular opening in the capplate and is also closed by means of a metal plate. For verticaltransport of the elements, cap screws with eyes will be inserted intothe four threaded tubes.

Dimensions of `A` and `B` formations of cap plates will be shown in thecourse of statical analysis with respect to a shell of the elementframe, including anchors. The size of the cap screws with eyes and thediameter of the tube will be determined according to this analysis.Immediately after completion of deposition at site, the cap screws witheyes will be removed and the open threaded tube will be closed by meansof the insertion of metal plates.

The four formations of base plates of respective elements have the samesolid steel plates as base plates, with height (v), as the cap plates,with an opening in the center, the same as the largest diameter(interior) of the steel tube directly mounted on top of the base platewith an upper cover. According to statical analysis and with respect tothe extent of completion of the basic elements in each case, heavy steelsprings of a special type cover the steel tube described above. Thesesprings are, among others, designed in such a way that they will onlyunbend, to such a degree during transport of the elements that an outersteel tube to which they are connected at its lower end, is still guidedin a surrounding steel jacket, the outermost cylinder, and the openingin the base plate. The steel spring itself can only move within theinnermost steel tube with the smallest diameter, which is fastened tothe cover of the steel tube with the largest diameter.

FIG. 42 shows at upper right the base plate in fromation 'B'. Itconsists of a solid steel plate with a shape and dimension as describedabove, however, it has a circular opening with a maximum diameter. Thismaximum diameter, at the time, is the inner diameter of the steelcylinder above it which is connected with the base plate and covered ontop. In the center of the steel plate which closes the top of the tubecylinder, there is a special shock absorber (if necessary, to bedesigned and built brand-new by an expert) above two eye constructions,and within the inner casing of the surrounding steel cylinder.

For the base plate, the basic elements below must be equipped withformation `B` of the cap plate. These elements show segmentalopenings--i.e. upper diameter larger than the catching end of thespecial shock absorber--in the center of the cap plate and the coverlock above the threaded tubes.

FIG. 42 also shows connections to cap and base plates in the left andright half views, one beneath the other. In the center of the far leftside, cap and base plates are welded together by means of a flat steelstrip overlapping the joint between the plates. On the right of the lefthalf view, merely a weld joint is shown in the center at the transitionbetween a cap and a base plate. On the right half view, there is a looseconnection by means of a square flat steel ring which encloses the capand base plates of the columns at a certain distance so that some freemotion is possible between the lower- and upper element, e.g. in case ofan earthquake. These flat steel rings will be welded togetherhorizontally by means of a flat steel strip and from element to element.The connection work described above will be performed within the jointsresulting from stacking of basic elements and with (2·v) height ofworking room.

FIG. 43 shows possible anchor connections in vertical- and horizontalplane. Various connections between or within basic elements (2), (3),(7) and (8) are shown indiscriminately. The exact kind of theseconnections within, i.e. between the elements, will always depend uponstatic analysis according to circumstances. This also applies for thetotal measurement of all single parts.

FIG. 43 shows transversal stay connections which can be installeddiagonally in the vertical plane according to requirements, betweensupporting members of the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8)themselves or in the space between elements. This might be done withinthe above named areas or between two elements, crosswise to all fourcorners.

FIG. 43 also shows horizontal anchor connections which always connectthe base and cap plates of the columns of two elements, to be mountedside by side, in the area of element joints. This connection will takeplace in the area of the horizontal element joints which result fromstacking of the elements. Above these horizontal anchors, it is possibleto create element connections, one below the other, with all basicelements (1) to (10) constructed.

FIG. 44 shows transversal stay connections in vertical plane and anchorconnections in horizontal plane.

FIG. 44 represents anchor connections in rigid structures as well as inmobile structures by means of springs. These will be used withpreference if construction will take place in seismic areas.

FIG. 44 shows by means of vertical sections of columns directly belowthe cap plate, i.e directly above the formation of the column base--ashas been shown in FIG. 42--that four threaded tubes, arranged crosswise,are fitted into the columns, presenting connections for horizontalanchors at all four sides of the columns.

For fabrication of rigid horizontal anchor connections, threaded steelpieces projecting from the columns will be screwed into two oppositethreaded tubes made of steel.

For manufacture of the connection, flexible heads will be at both sidesof a steel bar. By means of this connection, it is possible to levelsmall permissible variations, which result from stacking of basicelements one upon the other. A short threaded tube, whose depth isaccording to length of thread of the threaded steel pieces projectingfrom the column, is put over a flexible head. Above the flexible head atthe other end of the bar is a tube, accordingly longer, which is onlythreaded in its front half and of such a length that it can be screwedtight into the threaded steel piece projecting from the other column. Bytightening of the larger connection tube, an anchor will be producedwhich forms a rigid connection between two elements.

A horizontal anchor connection by means of the same structural parts asdescribed above, is shown in lower half of FIG. 44. For the manufactureof mobile, but still tight connection, the rigid steel bar has in thiscase been exchanged for a strong spring which also has flexible heads atboth ends.

Further horizontal element connections are shown at the very top andbottom of FIG. 44, each above its cap and base plates. These have alsobeen shown in FIG. 42 and have been described in this context. It mustbe added that these connections can be produced by use of structuralparts designated above, each according to requirements, either with barsor springs.

FIG. 44 shows in the center transversal wind anchors in the verticalplane, but possible also crosswise. In addition to the illustration,these anchors can also be fixed laterally reversed within the basicelements (2), (3), (7) and (8).

The horizontal section of the round steel cross, with the possibility ofproviding anchor suspension at all four sides of the column, is shown inthe center of FIG. 44 to the right. The vertical sections show thatthese round steel crosses are always positioned directly below the uppercross tubes or directly above the lower cross tubes in the columns.Devices intended for transversal wind anchors within thecolumns--whether for elements (2), (3), (7) or (8)--shall always beprepared in the same style within the columns on top and bottom. Thesedevices will therefore be formed as follows:

Steel hooks with flexible heads at their ends and directed to top orbottom, will be laid over round steels of the round steel crosses.

Threaded steel tubes will close behind these flexible heads. A sheetmetal hood which closes flush with the outside of the columns and formsan oval moving space for different transversal wind anchors to beinstalled in the column--as shown on lower left--is positioned aroundthe round steel of the hook and above the tubes.

Steel rods, which have flexible heads at the other end with respectivelylong threaded tubes placed over them, will be screwed into the threadedtubes positioned within the columns. These structural features are alsoshown by the anchor devices of the opposite columns, positioned at topor bottom. They only differ with respect to shorter threaded tubes whichare positioned above their flexible heads. Finally, rigid transversalwind anchors will be provided between these devices, facing each otherabove and below, by means of screwing a round steel bar with thread atits ends in opposite direction completely into the shorter tube, whilealso being able to screw it into the longer tube and to tighten it.

A mobile, transversal wind anchor which, nevertheless, can be tightened,will be produced by removing a center piece of the round steel bardescribed above and installing a special steel spring into the gap.

According to the arrangement shown in FIG. 44, the position of thetransversal wind anchors between elements, within the longitudinalextent of elements (2) and (3) or else within elements (7) and (8),different linear dimensions will be measured diagonally. Thesedifferences between measurements will fundamentally be bridged over byuse of shorter or longer round steel bars in the center, with the threadin an opposite direction, i.e. by means of shorter or longerspring-bar-designs also with the thread in an opposite direction at theend of the bars. All exposed single steel parts of the designs describedabove shall be manufactured from nonrusting materials, or shall beprotected long-term against rust formation by means of a proper coating.

FIG. 45 shows ceiling structure (suspended) with a vertical section ofsuspended ceiling as designed for construction with basic elements.

Here, it is shown from top to bottom that adjustments will be made bymeans of proportionately long suspension bars corresponding to differentlevels of solid ceilings.

In case of very heavy suspended ceilings and solid ceilings made ofconcrete, it is possible to penetrate these with the suspension bars andto create cross anchorage.

Suspended ceilings will anyway be suspended resiliently because of theelastic supporting joints of the solid ceiling, however, in addition tothis the suspension bars will be fastened at their upper ends by meansof springs which will add to the flexible suspension of the ceiling. Theformation of suspended ceilings is fundamentally also possible ingraduation.

Installation of all well-known mounted ceiling systems (from time totime also without any alteration) is guaranteed.

In order to be able to complete--with respect to elements fortransport--up to 90% of construction of suspended ceilings produced atthe factory--if these elements do not have their own solidceiling--steel T-rails will be mounted in latitudinal direction ofelements according to the distance of the suspension design, i.e. fromceiling/roof (floor) beam to ceiling/roof (floor) beam and thesuspension design described above will be completed with them.

The suspension designs of suspended ceilings, developed for constructionwith elements of the invention stand out since, for the first time,suspended ceilings will be prefabricated up to 90% at the factory andfor each element and that, after erection of elements at the site, itwill be possible to level slight tolerances in height between elementsby means of lifting or lowering, according to requirements in each area,without disassembly of the ceiling.

FIG. 46 shows the vertical section of (elevated) floor structures,specially designed for construction with basic elements (2) and (7).

Their design also makes subsequent leveling of slight tolerances inheight between elements possible and thus opens up the possibility tocomplete construction of full stories at the factory up to 90%, as isthe case with the suspended ceilings.

By means of use of elevated floor piles with different height, it ispossible to produce graduations also within the floor space as far asthis is permitted with respect to the clear height of the rooms to beobserved. Especially in the case of use as an installation floor,additional space for technical extensions will be secured, which canalso be completed up to 90% at the factory in case of construction withelements of the invention.

For heavy-duty flooring materials (e.g. in industry) and for floors inwet rooms, it is necessary to fall back upon customary floorconstructions.

Horizontal sections of suspension arrangements are shown in FIG. 47, andan arrangement of elevated floor piles is shown in FIG. 48.

In this respect, as is shown in FIG. 47 it is of special significance inthe case of construction with elements (2) and (7) that also large sizedplates of up to 1.00×1.00 m and larger can be laid for ceiling and floortiles which size is not the case with customary suspended ceiling andinstallation floor systems.

During the arrangement of ceiling suspensions and elevated floor piles,it must be taken care that these tiles are made flush at the outsidewith running shell parts of the elements, in order to guarantee runningblocks of completed ceiling and floor space for transport of eachelement.

As it is further shown in FIGS. 47 and 48, it is possible not only tolink connections between ceiling suspensions and connections betweenelevated floor piles one with another square across all four corners,but also to link them in strips in both directions with only individualstiffenings in opposite directions.

Elevated floor constructions will also be elastic just because of thebedding of bare floors on top of a rubber or soft PVC covering.Elasticity of an elevated floor can be increased for use by means ofplacing soft-PVC underneath the base plates of the elevated floor piles.

FIG. 49 shows detail sections of the ceiling suspensionconstructions--from right to left--specially designed for constructionwith elements of the invention, including anchors:

An end plate is connected to the bare ceiling made of light buildingmaterials by means of two concrete plugs and special screws. A roundsteel bar is fastened in the center of the end plate. The length of thebar depends upon the height of the ceiling to be suspended. A tube isfixed with the upper cover in the center of the steel bar.

By means of the fastening of L-shaped steel plate angles crosswiseagainst the outer jacket of a steel tube, four U-shaped hooks will beformed for the ceiling to be suspended. The piece of steel tube will beclosed with an upper steel cover, which has a round opening ofcorresponding size in the center. A solid steel cylinder will receive alarge, deep indentation towards the bottom and a round end plate towardsthe top, the diameter of which shall be somewhat smaller than theinterior diameter of the steel pile. Small ball bearings are insertedinto the top of this end plate and a threaded steel bolt is fixed in thecenter. This bolt will be bolted into the threaded tube through theopening of the steel pipe cover so that one third of the length ofthread remains unused. In this way it is possible to readjust the boltat any time through the small square or round opening within thesuspended ceiling and the indentation in the steel cylinder.

A ceiling suspension construction is shown in center right, FIG. 49,whose round steel suspender is held over a crossbar by means of a loopin the surface of a light concrete ceiling and has a threaded piece atthe lower end with a small base plate. A longer piece of steel tube willreceive a threaded insert in its upper third. The steel tube will bebolted over the threaded insert up to the upper end with the threadedpiece of the round steel suspender. The scope of the suspension of theceiling is the same as in the case of the ceiling suspender shown on theright side. For readjustment, however, the ceiling shall be detached, inorder to be able to turn the steel tube with four hooks altogether.

FIG. 49 shows in center left a ceiling suspension construction, which isattached to a heavy concrete structural member by means of an anchorrail. The round steel suspender is attached to this rail. A threadedtube will be inserted into a steel tube, open at both ends, up to onethird length of the lower part. A threaded bolt, which has beenstraddled to form a notch and will receive a surrounding edge ofsupport, will be bolted into the piece of steel tube completely andreceives a small end plate which will limit downward rotation of thethreaded bolt. Prior to this step, a steel ring--shaped like an L turnedupsidedown--has been slid over the threaded bolt with the hooks forsuspension of the ceiling. Unhindered readjustment through small roundor square openings of completed ceilings will also be possible in caseof this ceiling suspension construction.

FIG. 49 shows on the far left a projection of the ceiling suspensionconstruction shown on the far right, however, with anchoring in a heavyconcrete structural member by means of a segmental shell with a crossbarand an open bottom. In this case, the round steel suspender has beenbent and secured against opening below the shell at the round steel. Asection also shows that two small flat steel plates can be attached tothe steel tube with space between. These plates might then serve assupport for T-steel rails (similar to FIG. 50 in the upper right corner)in case crossheads are required across wide ducts above the suspendedceilings.

FIG. 50 shows vertical sections and one partial view of an elevatedfloor construction, in the lower half, specially designed with respectto elements of the invention.

On the left it is shown that the elevated floor piles consist of thefollowing parts described below according to function:

A square steel base plate with openings for screws in two cornersdiagonally opposing each other or in all four corners for attachment atthe bare ceiling by means of screws (with plugs) or stone anchors.

A soft PVC pad can be laid between the flush bare ceiling and the baseplate is necessary.

A steel tube will be placed on top of the steel base plate with interiorthread up to 2/3 height of the tube. A long, round steel bolt withthread in its lower part, according to thread in the tube, and with asmooth upper part with a deep indentation at its end, will be boltedfrom above. The steel tube will then be closed around the bolt on top bymeans of a steel ring cover, and a steel plate ring will be attached tothe smooth part of the bolt above. Ball bearings for easy turning of thetop and for the upper ceiling with heavy loads are located in this steelring--otherwise, the upper surfaces of the steel rings will be madesmooth and sliding. Another steel plate ring with the same diameter andwith the same hollow space for a ball bearing (or ground smooth only onthe bottom surface) will be laid unassembled from above. Another pieceof steel tube, which remains open on top, will be fastened on top ofthis steel plate ring.

FIG. 50 shows in section on the right side, directly in front of ringplates, that between this plate described above and the outer surface ofthe steel tube, there are inserted always two in the upward directionconically shaping supporting steel-plates, arranged crosswise andequally spaced.

T-steel rails for formation of arrangement in layers of the base plateswill be placed and on top of these supporting plates. The supportingplates are attached to the upper part of the tube, reduced in heightaccording to the thickness of the T-steel rails. For prevention ofimpact sound, the T-steel rails will will not reach the outer surface ofthe upper tube and the top of supporting plates and T-rails as well asthe tube will be lined with a hood made of rubber or soft-PVC. Therubber- or soft-PVC lining on top of the supporting plates and T-railswill be in strips.

Height of the elevated floor construction will depend upon the distancebetween the upper ceiling and the bare ceiling.

In accordance with this construction, the lower tube and the completebolt must be finished shorter or longer. Through very small round orsquare jogs in the corner joint of four base plates, it is possible toreadjust floor surfaces installed at the factory fast and withoutproblems through the indentation of the bolt, this feature being for thepurpose of height adjustment between elements at the building site. Allparts of the ceiling suspension and the elevated floor construction willbe designed according to static analysis in each case. All of thestructural steel parts will be made of stainless steel or coatedresistant against rust formation.

SPECIAL ELEMENTS

In order to realize adequate architecture for low-density housing and tosatisfy demands with respect to style of the interior of a building, itis possible to obtain special elements in addition to the basic elements(1) through (10) described above by means of only slight modifications.

The following special elements are listed here:

The special element (1") as a balcony element. In this case, aprojecting concrete slab is connected in full length with the lowerbeam, located in the longitudinal direction of element (2). The concreteslab has a width of ((a:2-v):2).

The special element (2") has a concrete slab along one of the sidewalls, also connected with the lower bearing beam but with a segmentalbase and a gauge for bore holes of ((a:2-v):2).

The special element (3") is shaped like basic element (7), however withan additional rectangular balcony slab--of the same depth as describedin the case of element (1")--which is fixed to the lower beams inlongitudinal- or latitudinal direction.

The special element (4") differs from special element (3") in that theattached balcony slab is not shaped rectangular, but semicircular.

The special element (5") is shaped like special element (1"), however,it is completed with an additional balcony slab, as described above,along its latitudinal side.

The special element (6") consists of the special element (2"), however,also completed with an additional balcony slab at its latitudinal side.

The special element (7") is shaped like element (3"), however, it has anadditional balcony slab attached and angled across.

The special element (8") consists of special element (4") and has anadditional balcony slab angled across.

In case of the special elements described above, it is also possible toerect high outer walls as elements instead of balcony parapets orbalustrade and to add the space gained to the adjacent rooms behind.

In any case where architectural considerations lead to the incorporationof supporting members into an overall design of a building, the basicelements (2), (3), (7) and (8) can be constructed with modifications toform special elements (9"), (10"), (11") and (12"), i.e. also with roundcolumns and upper bearing beams rounded on the bottom.

This is only a small fraction of possible, nearly inexhaustiblemodifications of basic elements (1) through (10)--in the course of whichprincipal construction features of basic elements of the invention willalways be maintained.

DIMENSIONS

Dimensions are listed in FIGS. 1-50 by means of identification letters.The identification letters (A) through (C) and (a) through (z) are allspecified in a list, according to the metric system.

Since change of only one of these dimensions will mean the loss of oneof the advantages of the building system developed and deviation fromsome of the dimensions will jeopardize the functionality of theindustrialized building system shown altogether, all dimensions listedshall be essential for the overall invention.

COURSE OF MANUFACTURE OF ELEMENTS AT PLANT AND ERECTION OF BUILDINGS ATSITE

After architectural design of shell and interior works and projection oftechnical installations in accordance with modular dimensions shown ingrid--i.e. length, width and height of basic elements and theirstructural members--and based upon statical analysis of the building, itcan be assumed that each steel- or concrete works with factoryinstallations for massive system-building construction will be able tomanufacture basic elements (1) through (10).

A concrete plant for prefab units would present ideal preconditions forerection of concrete shell-framework-construction and additionalinterior works and technical installations up to 90% of overall finishedfabrication if it fits the following description:

An industrial plant of 100.00 m length and 60.00 m width, with a gableroof in the longitudinal direction and approx. 10.00 m above ground atboth eaves, has a longitudinal aisle storage space in the center wherereinforcement constructions can be prepared. A central concrete mixingplant with silos or storage bins for aggregates can also be positionedhere. The concrete required might also be delivered as ready-mixedconcrete.

Two production lines of oval shape will lead around the aisle storagespace. The long, straight lines of these production lines lead throughthe four gates at each of the end walls of the hall to the storage areasapprox. 100.00 m prior to and behind the industrial plant. A travellingtrolley construction with suspended square, special-type traversingsaddles, which shall have the capacity to easily lift basic elements.

Elements with up to 90% of interior works completed and a weight of upto 20 tons and to transport them horizontally, will be positioned abovethe two oval production lines in the hall and their straight extensionsto the outside areas. The two production lines to the right of the aislestorage area are used for production of element shells. Transport ofsteel moulds, of other steel construction members, aggregates forpreparation of concrete as well as all wall- or cover plates requiredfor elements, will take place through the two front gates of thebuilding. To the right of these shell production lines on the groundfloor and in the extreme front of the first floor will be the businesspremises and behind these lines, one after the other, will be thestorage- and workrooms of all companies with succession of tradesaccording to the course of shell production. Finished shell elements canimmediately subsequently be hauled to the left production lines forfurther extension work or can be transported through the two back gateson the right of the hall and deposited in an outside intermediatestorage area. The shell elements will be protected outdoors by means oftransparent foil covers.

For further completion, elements will be taken through the left backgates to the two production lines for extension works. To the left ofthe shell production lines, on the ground floor as well as the firstfloor and in the longitudinal direction of the industrial building,there are storage- and workrooms of all companies required for interiorworks and technical installations with a succession of trades accordingto the course of manufacture.

The building elements completed up to 90% will be transported along thestraight extensions of the production lines for interior works throughthe two front gates and will be put outdoors in an intermediate storagearea. As far as they do not have four outer walls and a finished flatroof construction, they will be protected against the influence of theweather by means of a transparent foil cover.

In the case of setting up of steel moulds on vibrating plates in theplant, in case of any intermediate storage, and during transport withtrailers of heavy trucks, care has to be taken that in the case of theinstallation of column base plates in basic elements of the inventionwith a formation according to `A` or `B`, there will always be freespace between the lower edge of the lower bearing beam and thesupporting surface, approx. 0.30 m spacing, so that damper constructionwill not be stressed prior to the mounting of elements at the locationof use.

The preliminary work required at a site as well as the run of structuralerection of basic elements of the invention has already been pointed outin the description of a possible application and will be shown in detailwith the description of advantages in case of construction with basicelements, contained in the paragraph below.

It must be pointed out here that the prefabricated parts, required atthe site for shell, interior works, and technical installations andwhich will also be needed for connections and closing between elements,will be stored in all basic elements. This will be the case with, e.g.,exterior- and interior fitting slabs shaped like a truncated pyramid,cover plates, anchor connections, remaining suspenders and elevatedpiles with ceiling- and floor slabs, wood lagging prepared for columns,overfeed pipes, and all other technical parts for installation offlexible element connections.

The cellular construction elements of the solid system construction willarrive at the building site according to the designation of theirposition in the ground plan of the floors and according to the course oferection. The heavy crane systems and assembly gangs required forerection will be ready. Strong eye hooks will be screwed into the columncap plates in the same proportion for suspended transport of the basicelements of the invention. A steel cable will be hooked into each eyehook. The four steel cables will be guided vertically across specialtype traversing saddles with spacing of corners according to therectangular base of elements (1) through (5) and the square base ofelements (6) through (10). In order to achieve soft lifting of all basicelements, a spring design might be installed in front of the crane hookwhere the four cables run together at an intersection of the diagonalsabove the base of the elements.

For the purpose of joining basic elements of the invention together, itis functional to construct a model consisting of 5 square steel tubeswhich are welded together in such a way that they form a cross. The fourouter tubes will have the same height (b) as a full-story element. Thecore steel tube in the center surpasses the other four tubes by approx.1.00 m. Eight rectangular steel plates will be welded to the fourinterior corners up to the top edge of the core tube, with a height of1.00 m. The suspended elements will be aligned with these extendedinterior angles and guided by them during lowering. In case ofconstruction in accordance with the invention, the time schedule ofconstruction at the site will be such, as has not been possiblegenerally provided, that basic elements of the invention will bedelivered in time and organization will be accordingly tight.

It is thus possible to erect a star-shaped high-rise block with fourteenfull stories irrespective of the time of the year within approx. twelvemonths, turn-key and reliable with all connections.

PURPOSE AND TASK OF THE INVENTION

Development of a system-building with solid construction for allbuilding projects will be accomplished for the first time because of thegiven features, summarized below:

(1) System-building in accordance with invention means completeelimination of seasonal labor problems in all of the buildingtrades--achieved by means of: Production of shell, interior works,technical installations, structural works, and furnishings up to 90% inan existing plant of the concrete- or steel industry capable ofproduction for an industrialized building and erection of buildings inabsolutely dry construction on site, any time of the year.

(2) Dry construction, as a result of any limitation of in-situ concrete,will be held to an absolute minimum, as well in the course ofmanufacture at the plant, as during erection on the construction site,and will be achievable under the following conditions:

Shell framework elements just built with concrete at the plant will becoated with a strong transparent gauze foil immediately after settingand removal of the casing; further extension works will take place inthe plant or outdoors underneath the protective foil; the foil will onlybe removed after transport and placing of the room element on theconstruction site. After desiccation of the concrete (down to residualwetness only) and of mortar joints, extension work will be completed bymeans of dry piece parts. Only earth works and a minimum of in-situconcreting for mounting of elements will be necessary on site duringweather permitting it, e.g. such as granular subbases for fill of singlefoundations or foundation elements (1) through (6), in-situ concretestrip foundations or--slabs, and in-situ concrete water-proof tubdesigns for construction below groundwater level. After creation ofrequired conditions on the site, erection of all buildings will be donein dry process according to the invention.

(3) Omission of hitherto usually required performances for building siteequipment (except roads on site and enclosures) on constructionsite--also facilities for energy--which will make the followingpossible: After creation of the above preconditions, the completeerection of buildings will be possible without hitherto required extentof sources of current and water on site. Electricity also required forwelding of any kind will be produced by means of movable dieselgenerating sets. Basically, water will not be needed for construction.Erection of site toilets and lavatories in trailers with water tanks issufficient.

(4) Premature building on site prior to or during development of thesite by the utility company will be possible for the first time becauseof the advantages in accordance with this invention, as listed underitem (1) to (3).

(5) Prefab construction and erection according to the invention alsoimplies reversal of building construction--i.e. disassembly under themost simple and cheapest conditions. With respect to this feature, thefollowing must be listed:

The structural element connections according to the invention and allheating tubes, water, sewage, gas mains, weak current and power linesetc, can be connected flexibly between elements in an area betweencolumn exteriors and in an area of joints, horizontally as well asvertically. This means that large scale adjustments with respect to cityconstruction such as evacuation of built-up areas for construction ofairfields or storage lakes, demolition of buildings after miscalculationof geologic formations etc. will be possible--provided that buildingconstruction took place according to the system invented.

The word "demolition" will become obsolete and meaningless in buildingactivities because of the invention.

(6) Construction in seismic areas of the world--as well as in such areaswhere required basic materials for concrete are not on hand--will bepossible, since prefab cellular elements according to the invention canbe sent as structural members or "almost turn-key", as has already beenpractised by transport operators using "containers", by land and by sea.

Earthquakeproof construction is a result of the design of the individualbasic inventive elements which, among others, rule out collapse andbreaking through of ceilings and of anchor connections between elements,as designed according to the invention in both horizontal and verticalplanes.

(7) Prefab construction according to the invention is: Completefurnishing of elements for part of any room at the plant, even withlamps, curtains and highly sensitive electrical or electronicinstallations and even with mobile pieces of furniture, glazing, andexterior finishing coat--since protection is intended for outsidetransport and base plate formation according to the invention will beprovided which will guarantee soft placement of finished room elementsduring transport and mounting.

(8) The buildings listed under "Field of Application" and anything inaddition to it--i.e. the whole spectrum--comprising any and all buildingprojects, including multi-story buildings, can only be covered by meansof the prefab system shown here.

(9) Saving in costs of amounts not possible up to now can be realizedsince elements (1) through (10)--specially elements for full stories (2)and (7)--can be produced and stored in large numbers of pieces. Savingof time on site compared with traditional construction can be realizedwith the shortest time of construction possible. Thus, it is possible toerect and mount the ground floor of a spacious three-room apartmentshown in FIG. 25, including a complete basement as shown in FIG. 26 withonly six basic elements (2) for full stories and also with only sixelement mountings in one day. The connections between element shells,for interior works and technical installations including horizontalconnection of the chimney as well as connections for water and energysupplies will be installed within four days only. Thus, a three-roomone-family house can be occupied after a total of only five workdays,ready for operation and turn-key.

Costs for scaffolding will also cease completely.

(10) Prefab construction using building elements also makes possiblesubsequent completion of construction on site in any case with maximumutilization of the volume of construction permitted in each case. If,e.g. at the time of construction, only five full stories are permittedon the site above ground--but if, on the other hand, approvedconstruction of multi-story blocks can be expected later as a result ofcertain development of the construction site--it will be possible totake this factor into consideration during erection of the lower storiesby means of the slightest additional measures. After acquisition ofadjoining premises, it again will be possible without extensive changes,to turn the original five-story building into a spacious multi-storybuilding using construction elements of the invention. The same willapply for large scale construction and small scale private residentialhousing--under the condition that planning has been accordingly--so thatfirst of all only one kitchen element (2) and one element for living- orsleeping room (2) will be placed in the center of the site and in thecourse of some years, (also after a period of ten or more years) thissmall house will develop into a large, e.g. twelve-room house withenclosed apartment and office space. Should a change of planning occurduring this period it will be possible to easily remove e.g. a roomelement from the center of the layout and to erect it in anotherposition and after slight rebuilding measures it will be available forrenewed utilization.

(11) Architecture will be full scope for all buildings conceivable, ofany kind, interior and exterior without the slightest limitations, willall facilities, which surpasses anything that has seen the light interms of prefab construction or with respect to the use of finishedbuilding fabrics.

(12) Optimal heat insulation and thus a maximum of energy conservationin construction in case of the use of basic elements (1) through (10)will be realized, if concrete slabs of 20 cm thickness will be installedfor for roof- and ceiling construction and if concrete slabs of 20 cmaverage thickness will be erected as walls.

Low temperature transmission from outside will be impossible, sincecolumns and bearing upper- and lower beams as well as large parts ofprojecting beams will be covered after mounting of outer walls.

Defective insulation in the horizontal plane cannot occur, since lowerelements will already have continuous insulation strips installed at theplant in front of cap plates and on top of projecting beams, with theirheight in excess of (v). Elements to be placed on top of these lowerelements will in each case have lower continuous insulation strips witha thickness in excess of (v), placed outside of column base plates onprojecting beams. The above insulation strips will be fastened aroundall front sides of the projecting beams at all element joints in thevertical direction and also with a thickness in excess of (v) so thatall horizontal and vertical element joints will definitely be closedtightly and will be insulated during mounting and joining of elements(1) through (10) without further working cycles.

Sound proofing of any required level is possible, since no solidconnections exist between elements of the prefab system invented, whichcould transmit noise from one element to the next.

An optimum of foot fall sound proofing is also possible by means of theelevated floor construction with its functional characteristics.

Excellent sound level will even be found within elements and betweenelements, since basically all structural wall parts will be mounted ontop of plastic- or flexible joints at shell parts of the basic elements.

Manufacture of structural parts according to the highest standards interms of sound proofing basic elements will also be possible, since allshell parts and installations can be mounted, even in the cases of heavybuilding materials.

(13) In case of construction with the ten basic elements designed, it isonly possible to install the systems for suspended ceilings and elevatedfloors shown in accordance with invention, if indicated advantages ofprefabrication are to be utilized fully, since only they make itpossible to adjust ceilings and floors finished at the plant on sitewithout disassembly and for purpose of leveling slight differences inelevation during mounting of elements by means of readjustment up to thecontinuous edge strip.

Especially use of a system for elevated floor construction, shown inaccordance with the invention, offers highly, attractive but alsoinexpensive alternatives for installation, technical extension works,and use of materials for floor slab coverings which have not or onlyoccasionally been used for this purpose so far.

Thus, for the first time it will be possible to perform completeinstallation work without any mortise- and milling work within elements.Underfloor heating installations based upon any known heating systemwill be possible, installed with any alteration of design. With theexception of sauna rooms, all electric wiring can be laid in ducts ontop of the bare floor or in elevated ducts. Electric supply systemswhich are intended for switches and all further control elements andsources of current to be within the floor can fully be utilized and willoffer the advantage that subsequent installation of sockets or switchesat other place--with respect to arrangement of furniture--will be a merechild's play.

Of the many fascinating options, only laying of artistic glass floorplates with subfloor illumination and without ceiling light fittingsshall be mentioned here.

After completion of erection of the basic elements--with technicalinstallations finished up to 90%--on site, the connection of alltechnical lines, pipes and ducts between elements will be executed onsite by means of flexible parts. For technical installations with largervertical cross-sections in all of the stories, it will be advantageousto utilize--e.g. for ventilating ducts and soil pipes--the space betweenthe columns of adjacent elements or the square surfaces between fourcolumns in the case of an arrangement of four elements in accordancewith technical planning.

These basic 13 advantages of the invention as compared with any otherprefab system known to the applicant, reveal the great technologicalprogress which is contained in the total invention.

An additional review of the prevailing standards of technology in thesystem-building industry will not be necessary.

Basic element (2), designed according to the invention, serves for theenclosure of the gross cubage of a full story (or component) in the caseof a rectangular base. It consists of the following structural parts:

(a) Column base plates made of steel, with a formation according toeither embodiment `A` or `B`, will be placed within four invariableinterior angles of a rectangular base with sides ((f) and 2·(e)) and((g) and 2·(e).

(b) Height (v) of the column base plates (21) will always be the sameaccording to the invention.

(c) Horizontal cross-section with both sides (e) an (e) can be larger aswell as smaller at inner sides according to invention.

(d) The four formations of column bases will be connected by means of alower bearing ring beam (19) according to the invention, of which thecross section has the width of (3) and height=(1) and (m), wherey thebearing ring beam (e) at the bottom is variable in length towards theinside with respect to the height.

(e) The bearing ring beam (19) at the level of base plates (21) has adistance of (v) to an imaginary level. The lower projecting ring beam(20) at the outside is attached to the bearing ring beam (19), flush atthe bottom, with the same distance to the imaginary level below.

(f) The beam is distinguished by a cross-section with sides (d) and (1)which is invariable, by exterior edges, and determined by an invariablebase of element (2) with sides (a) and ((a):2-(v)). Depth (d) has beenchosen according to the invention for outer walls or interior firewalls, e.g. floor slabs for covering of elements in the course oferection.

(g) On the floor ring beam (19) there is attached a ceiling bearingsupport ring beam (18) at the same height as the lower projecting beam(20) at the inner side of the bearing ring beam. According to theinvention its cross-section is (h)×(1).

(h) On top of the floor ring beams (18), floor slabs will be laid in theshort direction of clamping (k) and joint spacing (v:2), the height ofwhich will be (m), including the joint. Preferably, top surfaces offloor slabs will be flush with upper sides of bearing ring beam (19)because of this arrangement.

(i) The upper bearing ring beam (15) will be positioned exactly abovethe lower bearing ring beam (19) with a clear distance of (n). It willalso have a width of (e), however, it will have a height of (1) and (o),according to the invention.

(j) An exterior projecting ring beam (14) will be attached on top of theupper bearing ring beam (15). It will be placed exactly above the lowerprojecting beam (20) and shall have the same cross-section, according tothe invention.

(k) The top side of the upper projecting beam (14) shall be flush withthe top side of the upper bearing ring beam (15). The upper interiorfloor ring beam for roof/ceiling (16) will be connected with the upperbearing ring beam (15), i.e. flush with its bottom side. It will bepositioned exactly above the lower floor beam and shall have the samecross-section with sides (h) and (l). The distance from (o) is greaterthan from (m) and will be preferably allow for placing of roof/floorslabs with joint spacing of (v:2) on top of the floor ring beam (16) andfor total overall height of a flat roof sealing. With the exception ofupper bearing ring beam, all cross-sections and distances will alwaysremain the same. The bearing ring beam (15) will be variable withrespect to its width (e) and its depth above the bottom side of theinterior floor ring beam (16).

(m) The upper bearing ring beam (15) will be surpassed in height by thecolumn cap formations according to (`A`) or (`B`) and by the cap plates(13) in the four corners, with difference in altitude (v). The capplates (13) will have the same cross-section as the basic plates (21).This cross-section can also be larger or smaller than (e) and (e), ineach case according to the column cross-section.

(n) The lower horizontal bearing ring beam (19) will be connected to theupper horizontal bearing ring beam (15) by means of four verticalcolumns of the same length, the position of which shall correspondexactly with the four cap plates (13) and the four base plates (21) andthey shall have the same cross-section (e). This cross-section (e) canpreferably be larger or smaller towards the inside without causing achange of position of the four outside corners of the columns.

(o) The four columns will have the characteristic feature that theirclear height (n) will be the same between the top edge of the lowerbearing ring beam (19) and the bottom side of the upper bearing ringbeam (15). This height (n) has been chosen by preference so that basicelements (2) will even have the required clear height of living-andworkrooms after installation of suspended ceilings and elevated floorsin case of use as a full story element.

(p) The top edges of the column cap constructions will be connected bymeans of an imaginary horizontal line. The total distance between thisline and the horizontal level below the column base constructions willresult in an overall height (b) for the basic element (2). This overallheight will preferably pass through the ratio of rise (z), alwaysinvariable, in the case of a staircase installation.

The basic element (2) requires basic element (1) for complementaryinstallation in a foundation ditch below and basic element (4) foradditional low demand with respect to room and technical installationsabove. The basic elements (1) and (4) are of identical construction.According to the invention, they also have the same structural parts(13), (21) and (20), with respect to cross-sections and spacing in thehorizontal plane, as basic element (2). These elements preferably differfrom basic element (2), according to the invention, in that connnectingbearing beams at the top and bottom are missing and will be replaced bycontinuous cross walls (27) and (30) with thickness (u). Closedinstallation recesses (23, 26+29) made of light construction materialswill be prepared within these solid cross walls. Floor beams exist withthe same cross-section as in the case of basic element (2), however, notin the form of bearing ring beams but positioned between the columns.Upper floor beams (24) and (31) are support for roof/floor slabs. Thefour columns (22) with the same variable cross-section and in the sameposition facing to outside as in the case of basic element (2) will onlyhave an overall height of ((b):4)./.(2·(v)) from the top side of columncap plate to the bottom side of the column base plate. Without deductionof (2·(v)) the overall height of basic elements (1) and (4) will be((b):4). This is determined by the fact that it is possible to passthrough with always the same ratio of rise (z) in the case of staircaseinstallation, as is true for basic element (2).

Basic element (3) has been designed according to the invention forcompletion and placement above or below basic element (2). Basic element(3) will meet requirements with respect to additional rooms, technicalinstallations or foundations. Structural parts (13) through (16) and(18) through (21) will preferably be the same as in the case of basicelement (2). The only difference in comparison with basic element (2) isthat the columns (17) will be replaced by the columns (33) with a lesserclear height of (r).

Basic element (5) is designed for formation of protectors for fascias,balconies, and terraces, as well as for the meeting of a modest demandfor additional space with respect to foundations or technicalinstallations, and also for completion and placement above or belowbasic elements (1), (2), (3) and (4).

According to the invention, basic element (5) will have many of the samestructural parts as basic elements (1) and (4). Deviations from basicelements (1) and (4) will be that preferably the continuous cross walls(41) will be lower in this case, installation recesses will be ofdifferent given size (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43) and the upperfloor beams will be missing. Basic element (5) will also be differentfrom basic elements (1) and (4) because of the fact that the fourcolumns (34) will be lower and will have overall height (c) from the topedge of the column cap plate to the bottom edge of the column baseplate.

basic elements (6) and (9) are designed for spacial completion of basicelements (1) and (4). Basic elements (6) and (9) are distinguished frombasic elements (1) and (4), according to the invention, only because ofthe fact that they will have a square base with sides ((a):2-(v)) and((a):2-(v)).

Basic element (7), designed for spacial completion of basic element (2),will also only be different according to the invention, because it hasthe same square overall base as elements (6) and (9).

Basic element (8), designed for spacial completion of basic element (3),also will differ from basic element (3), according to the invention onlybecause it has the same square overall base as elements (6), (7) and(9).

Basic element (10) designed for spacial completion of basic element (5),also will only differ from basic element (5), according to theinvention, because it has the same overall square base as elements (6),(7), (8) and (9).

THE FORMATION (`A`) OF COLUMN CAP AND COLUMN BASE

The formation of column caps, designed according to the invention, willserve for vertical transport of basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8)and, with smaller size, for transport of elements (1), (4), (5), (6),(9) and (10).

Their use will make soft placement possible in the course of stacking ofbasic elements one upon the other and with respect to verticalmovements. This is important all the more so in the case of basicelements, which have been completed up to 90% with regard toconstruction, technical installations, and furnishings.

Formation (`A`) of the column cap will preferably consist of a solidsteel plate with thickness (v) and a base which corresponds to across-section of the respective column of the element. The column capplate will be perforated in the center of the top in a form of acircular opening with height (v:2) and a circular opening at the bottomwhich has a smaller diameter--height also (v:2). A steel tube withinternal thread will be attached below the solid steel plate. It has thesame inside diameter as the small circular opening at the bottom of thecolumn cap plate and is closed with a metal plate at the bottom. Capscrews with eyes will be inserted into the four threaded tubes forvertical transport of elements.

The four column base formations of respective elements have--accordingto the invention--the same solid steel plates as base plates, each withheight (v), as the column cap plates with an opening in the center whichhas the maximum diameter (inside) of the steel tube directly mounted ontop of the base plate with a cover on top. According to staticalanalysis and with respect to the extent of completion of elements (1)through (10), heavy special type steel springs will be fastened in thecenter of the steel tube cover. These springs are, among others,designed in such a way that they will only unbend to such a degreeduring suspension of elements that the outer steel tube to which theyare connected at the lower end, will still be guided in the surroundingsteel jacket, the outermost cylinder, and the opening in the base plate.The steel spring itself will only be able to move within the inmoststeel tube with a minimum diameter, which spring will be fastened to thecover of the steel tube with maximum diameter.

FORMATION (`B`) OF COLUMN CAP AND COLUMN BASE

The formations of column caps, designed according to the invention, willserve for vertical transport of basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8)and, with smaller size, for transport of elements (1), (4), (5), (6),(9) and (10).

Their use will make soft placement in the course of stacking of basicelements one upon the other and with respect to vertical transportpossible. This is important all the more so in the case of basicelements, which have been completed up to 90% with regard toconstruction, technical installations, and furnishings.

Formation (`B`) of the column cap will, according to the invention,consist of a solid steel plate with the shape and dimensions of thecolumn cap plate. However, it will preferably have a circular openingwith maximum diameter. This, at the same time, will be the internaldiameter of the steel tube with a cover on top, which will be positionedabove and connected with the base plate. In the center of the steelplate, which closes the top of the tube cylinder, there will be aspecial type of shock absorber above two eye hook constructions withinthe inner casing of the surrounding steel cylinder.

For these formations (`B`), the basic elements below must be equippedwith cap plate formations (`B`). These formations will show segmentalopenings with an upper diameter larger than the catching end of thespecial type shock absorber, in the center of the cap and cover platesabove the threaded tube.

Wind anchors in the vertical plane and anchor connections in thehorizontal plane are to be installed transversally according to FIG. 44.

According to the invention, anchor connections are shown as rigiddesigns as well as in flexible construction with use of springs. Fourthreaded tubes in crosswise construction will be fit into the columns,preferably directly below the column cap--or the column base formation,which will provide connections for horizontal anchors at all four sidesof the column. For fabrication of rigid horizontal anchor connections inaccordance with the invention, threaded steel pieces projecting from thecolumns will be screwed into two opposite threaded steel tubes. Flexibleheads will be arranged at both ends of a steel bar for creation of theconnection. By means of this connection, it will be possible to levelslight permissible variations which might result from stacking basicelements (1) through (10) one upon the other. A short threaded tube,with depth according to the length of the thread of the threaded steelpiece projecting from the column, will be put over a flexible head.Above the flexible head, there will be a tube at the other end of thebar, with length accordingly greater, which will only be threaded in itsfront half and of such a length that it can be screwed tightly into thethreaded steel piece projecting from the other column. By means of thetightening of the longer connection tube, an anchor will be producedwhich will constitute a rigid connection between two elements. Forcreation of a mobile but still tight connection in accordance with theinvention, the rigid steel bar will merely be exchanged for a strongspring which will also have flexible heads at its ends.

Further horizontal element connections can also be produced with theconstructional elements described, i.e. rigid or mobile by means of barsor springs.

Vertical, transversal, and also those wind anchors to be placedcrosswise, can also be installed laterally reversed within basicelements (2), (3), (7) and (8).

Preferably, a round steel cross will be arranged within thecross-section of the column with the possibility of providing an anchorconnection at all four sides of the column. This round steel cross willalways be positioned directly below the upper cross tubes or directlyabove the lower cross tubes.

According to the invention, steel hooks with flexible heads at the endsand directed towards the top or bottom, will be laid over the roundsteels of the round steel crosses. Threaded steel tubes will closebehind these flexible heads. A sheet metal hood which closes flush withthe outside of the columns and forms an oval moving space for thedifferent transversal wind anchors to be installed, will be positionedaround the round steel of the steel hook and above the tubes.

Steel rods, which will have flexible heads at the other end withthreaded tubes of respective length placed over them, will be screwedinto the threaded tubes positioned within the columns. These structuralfeatures will aslo be shown by the anchor devices of the oppositecolumns, positioned at the top or bottom. They only differ with respectto the shorter threaded tubes positioned above their flexible heads.Finally, rigid transversal wind anchors will be provided between thesedevices, facing one another on the top and bottom, by means of screwinga round steel bar, with thread in the opposite direction at its ends,completely into the shorter tube, while it will still be possible toalso screw it into the longer tube and to tighten it.

According to the invention, a mobile wind anchor connection which,however, can be tightened, will be provided by removing a center pieceof the round steel bar and by installing a special type of steel springwithin this gap.

According to the arrangement of the position of the transversal anchorconnections between elements, within the longitudinal direction ofelements (2) and (3) or also within elements (7) and (8), differentlinear dimensions will occur diagonally. These differences betweenmeasurements will always be bridged over by use of shorter or longerround steel bars in the center, with thread in the opposite direction,by means of shorter or longer spring-bar-designs also with thread in theopposite direction at the end of the bars.

DESIGN OF SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENT FOR THE CEILING

According to the invention, this arrangement will be connected to thebare ceiling by means of a cap plate. A round steel bar will preferablybe fastened in the center of the cap plate. Length of this bar willdepend upon the height of the ceiling to be suspended. A threaded tubewill be attached in the center of the cover on top of it. By means offastening of L-shaped steel plate angles, crosswise against the outerjacket of a steel tube, four U-shaped hooks will be formed for theceiling to be suspended. The piece of steel tube will be closed with anupper steel cover which has a round opening in the center ofcorresponding size. A solid steel cylinder will receive a large, deepindentation towards the bottom and a round end plate towards the top,the diameter of which shall be somewhat smaller than the internaldiameter of the steel pipe. Small ball bearings will be inserted intothe top of this end plate and a threaded steel bolt will be fixed in thecenter. This bolt will be bolted into the threaded tube through theopening of the steel pipe cover so that one third of the length ofthread remains unused. In this way it will be possible to readjust atany time through the small square or round opening within. It will alsobe possible to attach two small flat steel plates to the steel tube withspace in between. According to the invention, these might then serve assupport for T-steel rails, in case cross-heads will be required acrossthe wide ducts above the suspended ceilings.

Construction of the suspended ceiling, as shown in FIG. 49, will consistof the following in accordance with the invention:

A round steel suspender is anchored at the bottom side of a bareceiling. A threaded tube will be inserted into a steel tube up to onethird of the length of the lower part. A threaded bolt, which has beenstraddled to form a notch and will receive a surrounding edge ofsupport, will be bolted into the piece of steel tube completely andreceives a small end plate which will prevent racing of the threadedbolt. Prior to this step, a steel ring--shaped like an L turned upsidedown--has been slid over it with the hooks for suspension of theceiling. Unhindered readjustment is possible through small, round orsquare openings of completed ceiling suspension construction.

CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED FLOOR ACCORDING TO FIG. 50

According to the invention, the elevated floor construction has beendesigned specially with respect to elements and will preferably consistof the following functional parts:

(a) A square steel base plate with openings for screws in two cornersdiagonally opposing or in all four corners is attached to the bareceiling by means of screws (with plugs) or stone anchors. A soft PVC padcan be laid between the flush bare ceiling and the base plate, ifnecessary.

(b) A steel tube will be placed on top of the steel base plate withinterior thread up to 2/3 height of the tube. A long, round steel boltwith thread in the lower part to thread in the tube and with a smoothupper part having a deep indentation at one end, will be bolted fromabove. The steel tube will then be closed around the bolt on top bymeans of a steel ring cover, and a steel plate ring will be attached tothe smooth part of the bolt above.

(c) Ball bearings for easy turning of the top and for carrying the upperceiling with heavy loads are located in this steel ring--otherwise, theupper surfaces of the steel rings will be made smooth and sliding.Another steel plate ring with the same diameter and with the same hollowspace for a ball bearing (or ground smooth on the bottom surface only)will be laid from above without connection.

(d) Another piece of steel tube which will remain open on top will befastened on top of this steel plate ring.

(e) Preferably, two supporting steel plates will always be insertedcrosswise, equally spaced, and cone shaped in the upward directionbetween the ring plate described above and the outside of the steeltube.

(f) T-steel rails for the formation of the arrangement of layers of baseplates will be placed between and on top of these supporting plates. Thesupporting plates will be attached to the upper part of the tube,reduced in height according to the thickness of the T-steel rails. Forprevention of impact sound, the T-steel rails will not reach the outersurface of the upper tube and the top of the supporting plates andT-steel rails as well as the tube will be lined with a hood made ofrubber or soft PVC. The rubber- or soft PVC-lining on top of thesupporting plates and the T-rails will be in strips.

(g) Height of the elevated floor construction will depend upon thedistance between the upper ceiling and the bare ceiling. In accordancewith this construction, the lower tube and the complete bolt must befinished shorter or longer. Through very small round or square jogs inthe corner joint of the four base plates, it will be possible toreadjust floor surfaces installed at the factory fast and withoutproblems through the indentation of the bolt; this possibility isdesigned for the purpose of height adjustment of elements on the site.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS FOR STRUCTURAL PARTS

(1): Basic element for foundations--rectangular base

(1'): Staircase-element for foundations--rectangular base

(2): Basic element for full stories--rectangular base

(2'): Staircase-element for full stories--rectangular base

(3): Basic element for high additional space--required for technicalinstallations or foundations--rectangular base

(3'): Staircase-element for high additional space--required fortechnical installations or foundations--rectangular base

(4): Element for low additional space--or requirements for technicalinstallations--rectangular base

(4'): Staircase-element for low additional space--or requirements fortechnical installations--rectangular base

(5): Basic element for protectors of fascias, balconies, and terracesand for foundations of minimum height--rectangular base

(5'): Staircase-element for protectors of fascias, balconies, andterraces and for foundations of minimum height--rectangular base

(6): Basic element for foundations--rectangular base

(6'): Staircase-element for foundations--square base

(7): Basic element for full stories--square base

(7'): Staircase-element for full stories--square base

(8): Basic element for high, additional space--required for technicalinstallations of foundations--square base

(8'): Staircase-element for high, additional space--required fortechnical installations or foundations--square base

(9): Basic element for low additional space--or requirements fortechnical installations--square base

(9'): Staircase-element for low additional space--or requirements fortechnical installations--square base

(10): Basic element for protectors of fascias, balconies and terracesand for foundations of minimum height--square base

(10'): Staircase-element for protectors of fascias, balconies, andterraces and for foundations of minimum height--square base

(11): Block- or angle foundations in area of outer walls

(12): Block-foundations for interior space

(13): Cap plates on top of columns of all elements

(14): Projecting ring beam at top edge

(15): Top bearing ring beam

(16): Upper floor ring beam

(17): Element columns (clear height of 3.30 m)

(18): Lower interior floor ring beam

(19): Bottom bearing ring beam

(20) Projecting ring beam at exterior bottom edge

(21): Base plates below columns of all elements

(22): Element columns, 1.05 m high, including cap- and base plates

(23): Installation recess, 0.90/0.40 m cross-section

(24): Lower short floor beam

(25): Upper short floor beam

(26): Installation recess, 1.00/0.40 m cross-section

(27): Longitudinal cross walls in front of columns

(28): Upper long floor beam

(29): Installation recess, 0.65/0.40 m cross-section

(30): (Longitudinal-) and broadside cross walls in front of columns

(31): Lower short floor beams

(32): Upper (long) and short reinforcing beam

(33): Element columns (clear height of 1.20 m)

(34): Element columns, 0.85 m high, including cap- and base plates

(35): Installation recess, 0.15/1.00 m cross-section

(36): Installation recess below, 0.15/1.00 m or 0.30/1.00 mcross-section altogether

(37): Installation recess, 0.15/1.20 m cross-section

(38): Installation recess below, 0.15/1.20 m or 0.30/1.20 mcross-section altogether

(39): Continuous cross walls in front of columns of elements with squarebase

(40): Projecting ring beam at bottom edge

(41): Continuous cross walls in front of columns of elements withrectangular base

(42): Installation recess, 0.15/0.50 m cross-section

(43): Installation recess, 0.15/0.50 m, below, or 0.30/0.50 mcross-section altogether

(44): Roof/floor slab with standard width, (0.625 m)

(45): Roof/floor adapter slab in center, for rectangular base

(46): Roof/floor adapter slab off center, for square base

(47): Vertical edge joint, 0.025 m thick around roof/floor slab

(48): Horizontal supporting joint for roof/floor slab, 0.025 m thick

(49): Adapter slab off center, for square base

(50): Circular staircase opening between floor beams, i.e. betweenbearing beams

(51): Roof/floor slab with standard width (0.625 m)

(52): Roof/floor adapter slab in center, for rectangular base

(53): Vertical edge joint around roof/floor slabs, also around columns,0.025 m thick

(54): Horizontal supporting joints at columns, interrupted forroof/cover plates, 0.025 m thick

(55): Roof/floor end slab, notched at columns

(56): Roof/floor adapter slab in center, for square base

(57): Roof/floor end slab, notched at both ends, for square base

(58): Auxiliary column, half height according to requirements in center

(59): Auxiliary column, three-quarter height according to requirementsin center

(60): Auxiliary column, fixed at top and bottom according torequirements

(61): Outer wall slab, upright, standard width (0.625m)

(62): Broadside longitudinal wall slabs, upright, covering alongitudinal wall, standard width (0.50 m)

(63): Longitudinal outer wall adapter slab, upright at outer wallcovering two broadside walls (standard width 0.625 m)

(64): Exterior longitudinal wall adapter slab, upright at outerwall--covering two broadside walls (standard width 0.625 m)

(65): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab at outer wall, between twolongitudinal walls (standard width 0.625)

(66): Exterior longitudinal wall adapter slab in center at outer wall,around outer corner and up to middle of element joint (standard width0.625 m)

(67): Exterior longitudinal wall adapter slab at longitudinal wall,between two broadside walls (standard width 0.50 m)

(68): Exterior longitudinal wall-corner adapter slab at longitudinalwall, around one outer corner and up to middle of element joint(standard width 0.625 m)

(69): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab off center at broadside wall,between outer wall up to middle of element joint (0.50 m)

(70): Exterior broadside wall adapter slabs in center at outer wallplaced between two outer walls (0.50 m)

(71): Exterior broadside adapter slabs in center at outer wall, abuttingon an outer wall and covering one outer wall (0.50 m)

(72): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab in center at wall between twolongitudinal walls (0.625 m)

(73): Exterior broadside wall-corner adapter slab at wall, abutting onouter wall and covering one broadside wall (0.625 m)

(74): Exterior broadside wall-corner adapter slab in center, asdescribed in (73), however with standard width of 0.50 m

(75): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab in center at wall asdescribed in (73), however with standard width of 0.625 m

(76): Exterior broadside wall-corner adapter slab abutting onlongitudinal wall and covering one longitudinal wall (0.625 m)

(77): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab in center at wall abutting onouter wall and at mitre corner (0.625 m)

(78): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab in center at wall between twolongitudinal walls (0.625 m)

(79): Exterior broadside wall adapter slab in center at wall abutting onlongitudinal wall and extending up to outer edge of projecting beam(0.625 m)

(80): Outer wall corner mitred, unequal angles (0.625 m)

(81): Outer wall corners mitred, equal angles (0.50 m)

(82): Outer wall corners, obtuse, made of two standard slabs (0.50 m)

(83): Angle of joint between outer wall slabs and columns

(84): Joint between outer wall slabs and column

(85): Outer-element joint by means of two abutting standard slabs of0.50 m

(86): Outer wall-element joint by means of adapter slab between two"outer walls"

(87): Outer wall-element joint by means of placement of adapter slab atback of it, extending from one column to the next

(88): Outer wall-element joint by means of adapter slab shaped liketruncated pyramid

(89): Outer wall-element joint by means of placement of adapter slab atback of it between two "outer walls"

(90): Outer wall-element joint by means of placement of adapter slabbetween two "outer walls"

(91): Outer wall-element joint by means of T-shaped adapter piece up toexterior edge of projecting beam and placement of adapter slab at backof it between two "outer walls"

(92): Outer wall-element joint by means of adapter piece between two"outer walls" extending up to exterior edge of projecting beam

(93): Roof/floor-installation recesses, prepared with 0.30/0.30 mcross-section

(94): Anchor rails in inside of columns in bottom sides of upper bearingbeams and in top sides of lower bearing beams (continuous or in form ofring)

(95): Supporting profiles with thickness according to joints, forroof/floor- and outer wall slabs

(96): Double window/door construction with interior venetian blinds

(97): Double window/door construction with small window shade casing

(98): Single window/door construction with bottom springer

(99): Single window/door construction without division and with windowshade

(100): Single window/door combination with only one bottom springer andwindow shade casing attached above

(101): Single door/window element with divisions for springer on top andbottom

(102): Casing for indirect lighting at lintel

(103): Maximum size window shade casing for door/window height ofapprox. 3.00 m

(104): Single window from bottom edge of lintel up to top of parapet

(105): Door/window element of double shell construction with venetianblind installed in center

(106): Light partition wall 0.10 m thick inside

(107): Light interior partition wall panel construction 0.10 m thick

(108): Solid interior partition wall, panel construction 0.15 m thick

(109): Interior solid partition wall 0.15 m thick

(110): Light interior partition wall, panel construction 0.10 m thick

(111): Solid continuous interior partition walls, panel construction0.15 m thick

(112): Heavy interior fire wall, panel construction 0.20 m thick withelement connection shaped like truncated pyramid

(113): Interior partition wall 0.15 m thick panel construction

(114): Solid interior partition wall, panel construction 0.15 m thick

(115): Light interior partition wall as cross wall, 0.10 m thick

(116): Interior solid partition wall made of panels, 0.15 m thick

(117): Interior wall crossing point for installation of cross walls,0.15 m thick

(118): Vertical connection joints from two sides within 0.15 m thickinterior walls

(119): Connection panel shaped like truncated pyramid, from one elementto the next within interior walls 0.15 m thick

(120): connection wall strip with element joint within interior walls0.15 m thick

(121): Vertical interior wall joints between the two abutting surfacesof 0.15 m thick interior walls and a 0.10 m thick wall

(122): Vertical joint at right-angled connection of two interior walls,each 0.15 m thick

(123): Light partition wall with 0.15 m thickness at top, terminatingwithin suspended ceiling

(124): Fire wall/partition wall between apartments or buildings 0.20 mthick, extending up to top edge of interior bearing ring beam

(125): Low interior partition wall, terminating within suspended ceilingof apartment

(126): Interior wall 0.15 m thick, height from top surface of bearingbeam to bottom side of bearing beam

(127): Interior partition wall with 0.15 m thickness extending up toupper of two suspended ceilings installed at different levels

(128): Thinnest interior partition wall, 0.10 m thick, of medium height,terminating at upper side of suspended ceiling

(129): Thinnest partition wall, 0.10 m thick, up to bottom side ofupper, interior floor ring beam

(130): 0.15 m thick interior partition wall from upper edge of bareceiling to bottom edge of bare ceiling

(131): Interior wall with height less than room, through elevatedceiling

(132): Fire-, outer- or partition wall between apartments, 0.20 m thick,with height from upper edge of lower projecting beam to lower edge ofupper projecting beam

(133): Partition wall, 0.10 m thick, terminating at upper side ofsuspended ceiling

(134): Fire- or partition wall between apartments with thickness of 0.20m, height from lower to upper bearing beam

LIST OF IDENTIFICATION LETTERS FOR MEASURES

(a): Linear measure of 6.70 m overall in case of rectangular base

(a:2-v): Width of 3.30 m overall in case of rectangular base and lengthand width overall in case of square base

(b): Measure of altitude of 4.20 m overall for full story elements

(b:2): Measure of altitude of 2.10 m overall for elements with highdemand for additional rooms and/or space for technical installation orfoundations

(b:4): Measure of altitude of 1.05 m overall for foundation elements andfor low additional demand for rooms or technical installations

(c): Measure of altitude of 0.85 m overall for protector elements forfascia, balcony and terrace

(d): Measure of depth of 0.30 m for upper and lower exterior projectingring beams

(e): Length and width of columns and measure of width for bearing beamsat top and bottom, as well as length and width of base- and cap plates(0.30 m --variable-)

(f): Clear length between columns (5.50 m --variable-)

(g): Clear (length) and width between columns (2.10 m--variable-) p (h):Measure of depth of 0.15 m for upper and lower interior floor ring beam

(i): Clear length between floor beams (5.20 m--variable-)

(k): Clear (length) and width between floor beams (1.80 m--variable-)

(l): Measure of altitude of 0.15 m for upper and lower interior floorring beams and for exterior projecting ring beams at top and bottom

(m): Measure of altitude of lower bearing ring beam without measure of(4) (0.225 m--variable-) p (n): Clear height of columns (3.30m--variable-)

(o): Measure of altitude of upper bearing ring beam without measure for(1) (0.275 m--variable-)

(p): Clear height from bottom side of upper interior floor beam up totop side of lower interior floor beam (3.525 m--variable-)

(q): Clear height of upper bearing ring beam at outside (0.275 m--variable-)

(r): Clear height for columns (1.20 m--variable-)

(s): clear (length) and width of 2.40 m between floor beams

(t): Measure of depth of 0.10 m for small exterior projecting ring beam(variable)

(u): Measure of 0.20 m for continuous exterior cross walls (variable)

(v): Measure of 0.05 m for half of horizontal and vertical joint widthbetween elements and for height of column cap- and bottom plates

(w): Depth of stair heads in case of straight flights with measure of1.21 m (variable)

(x): Height of beam for stair head with measure of 0.30 m (variable)

(y: . . . ): Grid with respect to axes of elements, including smallestmeasure of 1.70 m, in both (vertical and horizontal) directions

(z): Ratio of rise of 0.175 m for landing places and 0.280 m fortreads--all stairs uniformly throughout all elements

(A): Grid spacing of 1.05 m with respect to height of building,including joints--fascia flat roof with 0.85 m height excluded

(B): Grid spacing of 3.40 m for buildings in longitudinal direction,including half of joint width

(C): Grid spacing of 3.40 m for width of buildings, including half ofjoint width

What is claimed is:
 1. A building system, including a plurality ofinterconnected block elements (1-10), each block element (1-10)comprising:six sides, eight corners, and a rectangular base, allenclosing an open space in the shape of a parallelepiped having arectangular cross-section on all sides, four column base plates (21)placed within four interior angles of the rectangular base, fourupstanding columns (17) being placed on top of each of the four columnbase plates (21), four side walls (27 and 30) crossing between the fourupstanding columns (17) and being laterally supported by the fourupstanding columns (17), a lower load-bearing beam (19) having anoutside edge and an inside edge, ringing the perimeter of therectangular base, interconnecting bottoms of the four upstanding columns(17), and serving as a bottom support for the four side walls, a loweroutwardly projecting beam (20) being attached to the outside edge of thelower load-bearing beam (19), one of at least one outer building walland at least one interior fire wall being retained at a bottom thereofby the lower outwardly projecting beam (20), a lower inwardly projectingbeam (18) being attached to the inside edge of the lower load-bearingbeam (19) at the same height as the lower outwardly projecting beam(18), one of a floor and a ceiling/floor combination being supported bythe lower inwardly projecting beam (18), an upper load-bearing beam (15)having an outside edge and an inside edge, being positioned above thelower load-bearing beam (19) at a height of the side wall therebetween,interconnecting tops of the four upstanding columns, and serving as atop support for the four side walls, an upper outwardly projecting beam(14) being attached flush with the top of the outside edge of the upperload-bearing beam (15) and serving as a top retainer for said one of theat least one outer building wall and the at least one interior firewall, an upper inwardly projecting beam (16) being attached flush withthe bottom of the inside edge of the upper load-bearing beam (15) andbeing spaced from the upper outwardly projecting beam (14), one of aceiling/roof and a ceiling/floor combination being supported by theupper inwardly projecting beam (16), and four column cap plates (13)placed over the four upstanding columns (17).
 2. The building systemaccording to claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality ofinterconnected block elements (1-10), said four upstanding columns (17)each have a height less than half the length of the block element. 3.The building system according to claim 1, further comprising:afoundation placed underneath the plurality of interconnected blockelements (1-10).
 4. The building system according to claim 1, wherein,for each of the plurality of interconnected block elements (1-10), saidrectangular base is square.
 5. The building system according to claim 1,wherein, for each of the plurality of interconnected block elements(1-10), each of the four side walls (27 and 30) is square.
 6. Thebuilding system according to claim 5, wherein, for each of the pluralityof interconnected block elements (1-10), said rectangular base issquare.
 7. The building system according to claim 1, wherein, for eachof the plurality of interconnected block elements (1-10), each of thefour column cap plates (13) includes means for allowing vertical liftingand transporting of the block element.
 8. The building system accordingto claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality of interconnected blockelements (1-10), each of the four column base plates (21) includes meansfor allowing vertical stacking of the block element.
 9. The buildingsystem according to claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality ofinterconnected block elements (1-10), said four column caps plates (13)and said four column base plates (21) are made of steel.
 10. Thebuilding system according to claim 1, wherein, for each of the pluralityof interconnected block elements (1-10), each of said four upstandingcolumns (17) includes, fitted directly below each of the four column capplates (13), anchor connections at all sides of the column (17).